基于三维景物重构成技术的文物数字化与虚拟展示

There are many places of historical interests in Inner Mongolia. Developing of economy speeds up urbanization, it leads to overall urban planning, expanding and reconstruction. Hence, urban construction, railways, highways, mineral development, power stations and water facilities constructions threaten historical heritages such as historical buildings and historical sites. Many works have been made by national and local government to protect and preserve historical heritages and historical buildings; it needs a lot of human and material resources. Even if it can be avoid from human activities, it cannot be avoid from natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and fires. This project aim at developing a new approach for protection and exhibition of cultural relics by reconstructing and rebuilding existing historical heritages such as historical buildings and historical sites in Inner Mongolia, using computer image processing, computer graphics and virtual reality technologies. In this project, not only the physical models but also the visual properties such as color and textures will be reconstructed. Historical interests can be preserved in digital form permanently, and the degree of damages can also be tested effectively. It is important for developing local cultural industry.

内蒙古自治区有很多著名的具有地方民族特色的历史遗址和文物。改革开放以来，经济发展加速了城市化，导致了城市的大规模扩张、再规划和再开发。城市建设、铁路路建设、矿产开发、水利电力等基础设施的建设对古代建筑、古代遗址、名胜古迹等文化遗产造成了巨大威胁。国家和地方为了保护和保存古代遗址和名胜古迹做出了巨大努力，投入了大量的财力和物力。但是，即使能够完全避免遭到人为的破坏，也很难避免遭到风蚀水等自然侵害，以及地震、洪水、火灾等灾害的破坏。本项目利用计算机图像处理、图形学、虚拟现实等信息处理技术，在计算机内如实地重构和重现我区现存的古代建筑、历史遗存、名胜古迹等文化遗产，为文物保护与展示开辟新的途径。本项目不但要重建古迹的大小、形状物理和几何模型，而且要再现其颜色、纹理等光学和视觉特征原貌。能够以数字形式永久保存珍贵古遗，可以有效检测其受破坏的进度和程度，对发展地区民族文化事业具有重要意义。

随着数字化技术的发展，很多古籍、文献、历史资料、艺术作品等通过数字化得以永久保存。通过数字化保存，这些历史书籍、文献等记载的信息就能完全避免洪水、火灾、地震等突发性自然灾害的破坏以及风吹、日晒、雨淋等自然现象导致的风化、腐蚀、侵蚀等。文物、古迹、文化遗址、名胜古迹等三维实体和景物同样需要进行数字化，使其得以永久保存。尽管三维实体和三维场景的数字化远远难于书籍、文献等的数字化，近年来图像处理、计算机图形学、虚拟现实等信息技术的发展，为其带来了可能性。.本项目主要研究如何利用图像处理、计算机图形学、虚拟现实等信息处理技术在计算机里如实地重现现存的文物古迹、历史建筑、名胜古迹等文化遗产，以便达到保存保护的目的。.本项目通过采用原始二维图像、照相机参数、场景多面体模型等多种类型的混合数据构建虚拟物体或场景，克服传统GBMR和IBMR手法的局限性，实现目标物体和场景的虚拟再现。同时，本项目开发了一种利用上述混合数据结构实时渲染具有高度真实感的新视点视图的渲染方法。