新型阳离子捕收剂浮选黑色页岩镍钼矿的界面化学研究

Molybdenum content of flotation tailings is much more than its industrial grade, which causes largely wasting of resources in flotation of the unique nontraditional Ni-Mo ore in China. In view of this, molybdite, fluorapatite, calcite and quartz are taken as the objects of our study. The special groups of alkyl pyridine and their isosteres are analysis by quantum chemistry calculation and isosteric replacement priciple. The computer simulation and flotation regents theory are used to research the optimization design of cationic collector, then the novel evironmental friendly cationic collectors are picked out. In the next moment, the relationships between the surface properties of minerals and their flotation behaviours are studied by adopting the surface analysis means, such as infrared measure, zeta potential test, surface tension analysis and flotation solution chemical calculation. Meanwhile, the methods of atomic force microscopy, pyrene fluorescence probe technique, adsorption density measurement and molecular dynamics simulation are applied to detect the assembly behavior and mechanism of the collector on minerals. All is for the sake of uncovering the interfacial chemisty principle of the efficient cationic collectors in the refractory Ni-Mo ore flotation system and establishing the exclusive reagents combination and technological pcocess. Therefore, it has important practical value and theoretical significance in improving the rate of multipurpose utilization of Ni-Mo ore and guiding the environmental friendly reagents development of refractory oxidized ore.

针对我国特有非传统资源-黑色页岩镍钼矿的浮选尾矿含钼远超其工业品位，资源浪费率高的问题，以氧化钼、氟磷灰石、方解石、石英为研究对象，运用量子化学计算及等电排置换原理解析烷基吡啶特效基团及电子等排物；采用计算机模拟结合浮选剂分子设计理论进行捕收剂分子优化设计，筛选高效的新型环境友好阳离子捕收剂；利用红外光谱检测、动电位测量、表面张力测试及浮选溶液化学计算等手段揭示黑色页岩镍钼矿矿物表面物理化学性质与浮选行为的关系；运用原子力显微镜观察、芘荧光探针技术、吸附量测定及分子动力学模拟等方法研究捕收剂在矿物表面的组装行为及机制。最终揭示高效阳离子捕收剂对难选镍钼矿浮选体系的界面化学原理，形成专属药剂制度及流程，对提高黑色岩系镍钼矿综合利用率和指导难选氧化矿的绿色浮选药剂开发有重要的理论意义和实际价值。

镍钼矿是我国独有的一种非传统矿物资源，其储量巨大但难以利用。早期的浮选方法虽然很大程度上解决了其初步富集的问题，但是不可否认的是尾矿中的钼品位仍然远高于其工业品位。这严重制约了该钼资源的高效利用。本课题依据基团电子等排取代原理，设计筛选新型环境友好氧化钼矿物咪唑啉类捕收剂，进而利用界面化学原理结合浮选实践研究镍钼矿石浮选尾矿中主要矿物组分表面性质与其可浮性的关系和新型捕收剂浮选作用的界面化学机制。利用新型环境友好捕收剂浮选镍钼矿矿石浮选尾矿获得了良好的效果。研究主要结论有：①通过电子等排基团取代快速筛选环境友好型捕收剂的方法是可行的；②以阳离子环烷基咪唑啉CCI作为捕收剂的浮选体系中，分选氧化钼、磷灰石和石英的最佳pH范围是4-6区间；③阳离子环烷基咪唑啉CCI捕收剂对氧化钼矿物和脉石矿物的浮选选择性特别高；④阳离子环烷基咪唑啉CCI捕收剂在两种表面几乎不吸附，而在氧化钼矿物表面以物理吸附和配位吸附作用；⑤对某目前品位0.85%镍钼矿浮选尾矿，采用新型环境友好捕收剂，获得钼品位4.26%，回收率52.9%的浮选精矿指标。本项目以界面化学研究为核心，辅以晶体化学、浮选溶液化学、有机化学、量子化学、配位化学等手段，针对氧化钼矿物及其相应的脉石矿物表面结构及性质、与药剂离子的作用、矿物/浮选剂各种复杂界面相互作用，系统建立氧化钼矿物浮选基础理论体系，为氧化钼矿物乃至金属氧化矿物浮选新技术和新药剂的开发提供理论支撑和技术原型，具有重要理论意义和实际价值。