酯基季铵盐新型阳离子浮选捕收剂的合成与构效关系研究

Recent years, amine cationic collector is widely accepted and extensively used by ore plants to separate silicates from iron ore/ bauxite / collophanite. It has been demonstrated that cationic reverse ?otation can separate silicates efficiently, which has following advantages: simple reagent system, low consumption of cationic collector, low temperature resistance, the iron concentrate can be dewatered easily during the process of filtration and so forth. However, most conventional cationic collectors like DDA are difficult to be biodegraded in water due to the existence of ammonia nitrogen, the froth of which is sticky and has poor mobility, besides, there is also need to be neutralized with acid before flotation. In attempt to reduce the pollution in mining plant and improve iron concentrate quality, it is a major driving force for the development of novel collectors as replacements for conventional collectors. In this project, an environmentally friendly ester-type quaternary ammonium collector was synthesized. Through systematic study of the series of cationic collector, the application and mechanism of this new type cationic collector in reverse flotation of silicates will be explored by establishing the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Carrying out this project has significant theoretical effect in research and development of environmentally friendly cationic collectors. This project aims to curb the pollution of cationic reagents on the root of mining plants, enrich the category of cationic collectors and expand our molecular design concept on flotation reagent.

脂肪胺类阳离子捕收剂近年来在铁矿/铝土矿/胶磷矿等矿石脱硅反浮选中得到广泛应用。实践证明，阳离子反浮选工艺具有药剂制度简单，添加量少，脱硅效果好，耐低温，精矿易脱水等技术优势，越来越受到人们的重视，然而，目前普遍使用的几种脂肪胺类捕收剂在水体中难以自然降解，浮选泡沫发粘，容易导致矿山环境污染，因此本项目提出合成一种易生物降解含酯基的新型季铵盐阳离子浮选捕收剂，通过量子化学计算与半柔性分子对接技术，建立该类浮选药剂的三维定量构效关系，并研究其反浮选脱硅效果与作用机理，开展此项研究，对开发与研制环境友好型浮选药剂具有重要的理论意义，目的在于逐步实现从源头上控制阳离子浮选药剂对矿山环境的污染,预计能够丰富浮选药剂的种类与拓展浮选药剂分子设计理念。

为解决传统阳离子捕收剂分选效果差、泡沫不易破碎、难降解等难题，本项目设计并合成了一系列新型阳离子捕收剂，采用核磁共振与红外光谱测试手段验证合成产品即为目标产物。新型阳离子捕收剂的浮选性能优于传统药剂十二胺，且与十二胺相比具有更好的耐低温性，浮选泡沫易碎性和生物降解性能。量子化学计算建立了各药剂与其浮选性能的定量构效关系，可将药剂量子化学参数进行计算提前对药剂的浮选性能进行较为准确的定量分析。Zeta电位测试结果表明新型季铵盐阳离子捕收剂主要以静电作用优先在石英表面吸附。红外光谱图测试结果表明新型药剂除在石英表面有静电作用与氢键作用，而新型药剂在磁铁矿表面的作用为可逆物理吸附。