吴淞口湿地优势植物体系协同去除石油类污染物的作用机制

The ecosystem of Wusong estury wetland is under serious threat of petroleum pollutants, because oil spill often occurs at this area. The research aim is to reveal the synergistic effect and its mechanism of the super plant system of the Scirpus triqueter and microbes on oil degradation. The variation of the microbial community structure with the root exudates of Scirpus triqueter will be explored in different oil contaminant concentration, nutritional status and the growing season by using degeneration gradient gel electrophoresis, phospholipids fatty acids and real time PCR methods. The specific root exudates which control a specific microbial population will be found out. The regulation mechanism of root exudates on the rhizosphere will be futher dissected by the effects of root exudates on the oil degradation, oil desorption and the microbial community. The coexistent condition of oil-degraded microbe and indigenous microbes should be emphasized for the indigenous microbes and Scirpus triqueter decontamination system. The specific protein molecule related to stress will be ascertained using proteomics method by detecting distinguishing patterns of protein expression in superior plant Scirpus triqueter which generated from oil stress, microbial stress and nutrient stress. The research results will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the remediation of oil contaminated wetland.

吴淞口溢油灾害事件频发，滨江湿地生态系统受到石油类污染物的严重威胁。以吴淞口滨江湿地的优势植物体系中藨草与微生物协同作用降解去除石油类污染物为目标，采用变性梯度凝胶电泳、磷脂脂肪酸与实时荧光定量PCR相结合等先进的生物学手段，探索微生物群落结构在不同油污浓度、营养状况及生长阶段随藨草根系分泌物的变化规律，搞清控制某一微生物种群的特异性根系分泌物；并通过研究根系分泌物对油污的降解和解吸作用，进一步剖析藨草根系分泌物对根际微域的调控作用机制；对于添加嗜油微生物与藨草修复系统，重点探讨嗜油微生物与土著菌之间的稳定共存条件；借助蛋白质组学实验研究方法弄清石油类污染物胁迫、微生物及营养物质综合作用下藨草体内蛋白表达的差异性，确定与上述因子相关的特异蛋白质分子标记物，揭示优势植物体系藨草与微生物协同作用除污的分子机制。本项目对油污环境治理与修复领域具有重要的学术和应用价值。

该项目研究了受到石油类污染物严重破坏的湿地生态系统的修复方法，并探讨了利用优势植物体系协同去除石油类污染物的作用机制。通过实验研究摸清了最佳藨草-微生物系统对油污的降解效果，筛选并鉴定出了高效的耐盐且嗜油的优势微生物，基本阐明了藨草根系分泌物对根际微生物的调控作用机制，基本上搞清了藨草自身对各类逆境胁迫的调节机制和优势植物藨草-微生物系统协同去除石油类污染物的作用机制。该项目取得的研究成果不仅具有比较重要的学术意义，而且具有良好的社会影响和实际应用价值，可为吴淞口湿地以及类似污染湿地环境的治理和修复提供有效的指导和技术支持。