企业家中庸思维对“家族意图——家族企业代理人治理模式”关系模型的影响机理研究

Family intention makes a distinction between family firm and non-family firm,which is a new and attracted concept in this field. In this study,we build a model to analysis the relationship between the family intention and agent governance mode in family firm. And even more interesting, we try to make an exploitation based the paradox framework. In the academic revolution of "West meets East", many of Chinese traditional ideology and culture have been applied to the development of modern theory, which emphasizes transformation of yin and yang, integrity and dialectical modes of Zhongyong rational thinking stlye being of great concern. Though widely accepted and practiced in China as an indigenous philosophical concept, there has been little academic research.In the strict sense, on the term of Zhongyong, let alone quantitative research. Zhongyong is a pattern of thinking which can guide people to gain deeper understanding of the problem they encounter in their daily life, and help people to figure out better solutions. Zhongyong believes that the purpose behind any action is to reach a dynamic and harmonious state, so individuals holding Zhongyong thoughts follow certain thinking principles, pursuit of harmony, holistic view, appropriateness, balance, etc..Family firm as family and business fit body is the most entangled corporate form, emotion and reason interwoven is the governance distinction between family firms and other types of enterprises. By the paradox framework and through empirical studies, we hope to research the moderation of Zhongyong rationality thinking style in the contradictory relationship between family intention and the corporate governance structure. There are two kinds of agents in family firm: family employee and non-family employee, and there also two kinds of governance method: contract governance and relational governance generally. For the family intention, how did the family firm owner balanced between the employees and governance methods? What effect will occurs when non-family employee coming into family firm? Scholars have been unable to reach agreement, positive, negative, or no effect. For the view of Zhongyong thinking style, the contradictories are co-exist and co-contain. This study points out that, there is actually the problem of how to evaluate the interaction of the governance mode to family employee and non-family employee..To conclude, we believe that Chinese family firms' governance mode is not a logoscentrism in an extreme state, but a combination of "jing" and "quan" principles in Zhongyong rationality. Entrepreneurs in family firms endeavor to maintain a delicate balance between insiders and outsiders, maximizing the two parties' interests by taking into consideration both "emotion and rationality". The differences in governance mode choice just shows the difference between western philosophy and Confucianism philosophy in treating with contraditions.

在家族企业中，因为家族意图的存在，学界一般认为企业家在企业治理方面会存在情感性偏向。但家族企业是情感系统和理性系统的矛盾综合体，我们不应轻视企业家理性思维的存在，所以本项目将讲求整体性、辩证性和矛盾相生相克的中国传统中庸思维引入家族意图与家族企业代理人治理模式的关系模型。通过这一新视角，分析企业家为了实现家族意图，如何在家族与企业、家族愿景与企业目标、家族情感关系与企业理性治理之间，如何在不同类型代理人和不同类型治理手段的复杂机制之间实现有效平衡。同时，可以剖析家族企业中多种代理人治理模式共存，彼此之间的相生相克关系如何通过交互作用影响企业绩效。从矛盾视角研究组织是方法论层面上的一次革新，国际学界逐渐认识到东方的中庸思维能够深化源自西方思维模式的矛盾论分析框架。中庸之道是中国商业文化与管理智慧的核心，受到西方学界和业界的极大重视，正如"中西方碰撞"成为了2011美国管理学年会的主题。

从矛盾视角研究组织是方法论层面上的一次革新，国际学界逐渐认识到东方的中庸思维能够深化源自西方思维模式的矛盾论分析框架。中庸之道是中国商业文化与管理智慧的核心，受到西方学界和业界的极大重视。在这一背景下，本项目将讲求整体性、辩证性和矛盾相生相克的中国传统中庸思维引入家族意图与家族企业代理人治理模式的关系模型。基于这一视角，本项目研究了家族企业家如何在家族与企业、家族愿景与企业目标、家族情感关系与企业理性治理之间，如何在不同类型代理人和不同类型治理手段的复杂机制之间实现有效平衡。其次，分析了在中国家族企业中家族意图对企业股权配置的作用机制，以及企业家中庸思维在其中的影响作用。最后，考察了作为家族意图根本的家族继承意图、家族信任、家族内社会交往对于家族成员影响活动的影响以及家族成员影响活动对企业绩效的影响。通过对这一系列问题的研究，我们发现，企业家能够通过企业的治理结构、行为活动及其对绩效的影响来实现家族意图，而中庸思维在其中起到了关键的调节作用。国际学界逐渐认识到东方的中庸思维能够深化源自西方思维模式的矛盾论分析框架，同时中庸思维可以为中国管理学理论发展提供与国际学界的对话点，而这也是本项目的出发点和贡献所在。通过研究，本项目将中庸思维应用到“家族意图——家族企业代理人治理模式”关系模型中，突破目前片面关注治理结构与绩效之间关系，而没有从企业家角度探究家族企业治理结构形成源头的现状，衔接并拓展了目前的家族企业理论体系。