中国家族企业与制度环境的共生演化：以企业家精神配置为视角的经验性研究

Analyzed from the key economic indicators such as providing taxation, employment, proportion of the total economy, the sustainable development of family business has become a vital issue relevant to China's economic health. Family business is a kind of typical enterprise which is controlled by entrepreneurs. Entrepreneur in family business has a decisive role in allocation of entrepreneurship in productive or unproductive activities. Thus fundamentally determine whether family businesses those who get rich first could become the carrier of ‘The rich drive late’. This project aims to build a theoretical model and test underlying assumptions from the perspective of allocation of entrepreneurship as well as taking family business who are involving in ‘Production while rent seeking’ as the research carrier in transition economies in China. Specifically, in order to present the co-evolution of family business and institutional environment, we analyze the mechanism of positive effect and shaping effect between dynamic/static institutional environment and allocation of entrepreneurship firstly. Also we analyze the moderator effect of entrepreneur’s succession intention, institutional perception and political identity in family business. Then, we analyze the effect of allocation of entrepreneurship on social function which is undertaken by family business. Therefore, this project draws attention to that it will have a fatal adverse effect on the overall economic development and evolution of the institutional environment if the institutional environment causes imbalance of allocation of entrepreneurship and family business prefers unproductive activities.

从提供税收、就业和经济总量占比等关键经济指标分析，家族企业可持续发展已经成为攸关中国经济健康的问题。家族企业是典型的企业家控制型企业，家族企业家对于生产性活动与非生产性活动的配置具有决定性作用，从而在根本上也决定了先富起来的家族企业是否能够成为“先富带动后富”的实现载体。本项目以企业家精神配置为视角，以在中国转型经济制度环境中真实生存着的“边生产边寻租”的家族企业为研究载体，构建理论模型并检验相关假设。具体来说，为呈现家族企业与制度环境的共生演化，项目首先剖析动态和静态制度环境与企业家精神配置之间的正向影响和反塑影响机制，并分析企业家的传承意愿、制度环境感知和政治身份等关键因素在其间产生的调节作用。然后，探析企业家精神配置对于家族企业原本应当承担的社会功能的影响，从而提请重视如果现有制度环境导致企业家精神配置失衡，家族企业偏好非生产性行为，将对于整体经济发展和制度环境演化产生严重负向影响。

改革开放至今，中国家族企业在企业数量、吸纳就业人数、企业规模、国民经济总量比重和税收贡献等关键指标的表现，都说明家族企业这种企业形态，已经名副其实地成为了中国特色社会主义建设的关键组成部分。家族企业是典型的企业家控制型企业，家族企业家对于生产性活动与非生产性活动的配置具有决定性作用，从而在根本上也决定了先富起来的家族企业是否能够成为“先富带动后富”的实现载体。本项目以企业家精神配置为视角，以在中国转型经济制度环境中真实生存着的“边生产边寻租”的家族企业为研究载体，构建理论模型并检验相关假设。具体来说，本项目首先剖析中国各地区不均衡的制度环境，包括市场化进程和地区腐败程度，如何影响企业主的精神配置。其次，从动态制度演化的视角，分析了各地区不同市场化改革速度如何影响家族企业主的企业家精神配置。再者，本项目亦考察了企业家如何有效运用“制度化”和“组织化”方式，协助执政党共同推动营商环境改善和市场化改革，这一共建共治共享进程。最后，分析企业家政治身份在企业家与制度环境的共生演化过程中产生的调节作用，探析企业家精神配置对于家族企业原本应当承担的社会功能的影响。本项目提请重视如果现有制度环境导致企业家精神配置失衡，家族企业偏好非生产性行为，将对于整体经济发展和制度环境演化产生严重负向影响。