基于虚拟样机技术的低速磁浮列车多体动力学建模、分析与实验研究

Low-speed maglev train is suspended above the guideway by the electromagnetic force. Compared with the wheel train, the maglev train has the advantage of low noise、small turning radius and advanced climbing capacity. In the period of the Twelfth Five-year，the independent developed low-speed maglev train will realize commercial operation. So, it is meaningful to improve the security、reliability and comfort of the operating maglev train by establishing a precise dynamics model of the train and studying it in depth. In view of the inaccurate calculation of electromagnetic force, complicated structure of running gear, difficulty of obtaining the rigidity and damping of the secondary suspension system, This program try to estabish the model of a low-speed maglev train(consists of 6 coaches) based on thesis of electromagnetic field、multi-rigid-body system dynamics and virtual prototype technology. On the basis of the accurate virtual prototype model and the measured power spectrum density of track, the dynamic characteristics of train body、secondary suspension system is analyzed, and their influence on the reliability and riding comfort is studied. By this way, we can provide the theory basis for the parameter optimization and structural design of the running gear and secondary suspension system. The capacity of anti-crosswind on different operating speed and the load capacity on different turning radius is studied, the results of analysis can provide a reference for safe operation of commercial maglev train.

低速磁浮列车利用电磁吸力支撑车体，相比轮轨列车具有噪音小、转弯半径小、爬坡能力强等优点。"十二五"期间，我国自主研发的低速磁浮列车即将实现商业运营。建立准确的低速磁浮列车动力学模型，深入研究其动力学行为，对提高车辆运行安全性、可靠性和舒适性具有重要的现实意义。本项目针对磁浮列车悬浮电磁铁电磁力计算公式不够精确，走行部系统结构复杂、自由度多，二次悬挂系统刚度和阻尼难以确定等特点，应用电磁场理论、多体系统动力学理论和虚拟样机技术建立一列（6辆编组）低速磁浮列车的动力学模型。在较为精确的虚拟样机模型上，结合实测的磁浮轨道功率谱，研究车体、二次悬挂系统和轨道的动力学特性，以及对列车运行稳定性和舒适性的影响，为低速磁浮列车走行部、二次悬挂系统的结构设计与参数优化提供理论依据。进一步分析磁浮列车不同运行速度下的抗侧风能力和不同弯道半径下的承载能力，为磁浮列车的大规模商业运营提供安全保障。

本项目采用磁通管法，推导了悬浮电磁铁的悬浮力和导向力计算公式；建立了带有附加气室的空气弹簧系统的力学模型，研究了其动力学特性，分析了空气弹簧的参数对其动力学特性的影响，得到了简化的空气弹簧动力学模型，并通过试验验证了简化模型的正确性。根据唐山中低速磁浮试验线实测的轨道不平顺数据，拟合了轨道不平顺功率谱的表达式，分析了引起轨道不平顺的原因。利用多体系统动力学理论，结合虚拟样机技术，建立悬浮控制—电磁力—轨道—车辆—多辆编组的虚拟样机模型。通过实验分析对比的方法，验证了所建立的动力学模型的合理性。在上面建立的虚拟样机模型上，分析二次悬挂系统对列车稳定性和车辆运行舒适性的影响，对影响车辆承载能力的因素进行了分析。最后将虚拟样机得到的二次系优化参数应用到唐山试验线上，试验验证了参数的合理性。所设计的参数为低速磁浮列车的大规模应用提供主要依据。