基于多源数据的中等发达地区传统村落活力评价和规划策略研究——以浙江丽水为例

According to the importance of Sustainable heritage,this research chose traditional villages in moderately developed areas( Lishui,Zhejiang,for example) as the starting point. Despite the serious vitality differentiation caused by the unbalanced protection and development of traditional villages in this region,the related existing evaluation and identification methods attached more importance to protection value than inheritance ability. Thus ,the classification and revitalization are lack of corresponding scientific evaluation and strategies，calling for the vitality evaluation and planning strategy to cope with the differentiation.On account of the sustainable development principle , this study intends to integrate multi-source data, systematically studying on four aspects,including the traditional village vitality evaluation system based on differentiation cause and measurement expansion;the quantitative vitality evaluation method based on multi-source data and spatial correlation;the traditional villages’ type traits based on vitality evaluation and related planning needs; and the planning strategies of traditonal villages based on vitality classification and suitable targets. Ultimately,this project may firstly clarify the representation and measurement of the traditional villages’ vitality with both regional characteristics and universal values,secondly construct a database model of traditional village vitality to guide the classified planning implementation ; thirdly explore the logical along evaluation system-- quantitative evaluation -- classification analysis -- planning strategy deduction, enriching the theory and method of traditional village live protection and development.

本研究选择对传统村落永续传承具有重要影响的中等发达地区（以浙江丽水为例）为着眼点，针对在非均衡的保护与发展下，该地区传统村落传承活力分化严重，而既有评价“重保护价值、轻传承能力”，分类振兴缺乏相应的科学评价与策略,迫切需要开展“应对分化”的活力评价与规划策略探讨。研究拟依据永续发展理论，融合多源数据，系统研究基于分化原因--度量扩充的传统村落活力评价体系；多源数据--空间关联的活力量化测评方法；活力测评--规划关联的传统村落类型特征；活力分类--适宜目标关联的市域传统村落规划策略等内容。厘清兼具地域特点和普适价值的传统村落活力表征与度量，建构可指导分类规划施策的市域传统村落活力数据库范式，探索围绕传统村落活力的评价体系--量化测评--分类解析--规划策略推演的逻辑体系，充实传统村落活态保护发展的理论与方法。

传统村落作为珍贵的乡村遗产，具有不可再生的历史、文化、建筑和艺术价值。中等发达地区的传统村落保护与发展非均衡性显著，致使同一地区的村落传承活力分化严重，而既有评价“重保护价值、轻传承能力”，分类振兴缺乏相应的科学评价与策略。课题以“传统村落活力”为研究对象，从保护与发展两个维度出发，构建了基于分化原因--地方权重的传统村落活力评价体系；确立了度量扩充-多源数据的活力测评方法；分析了基于活力测评--规划关联的传统村落类型特征及影响因素；探索了活力分类--适宜目标关联的市县两级传统村落规划优化策略。研究以从保护与发展两方面出发，构建了13项指标的活力评价体系和4个维度的活力度量模型，并以丽水148个传统村落为例发现：1）融合档案数据和地理大数据可以有效测评大样本传统村落活力。2）同一地市传统村落活力在综合值上，两极分化明显；在空间分布上，高低活力存在明显空间集聚组团；在均衡性上，大多数村落处于发展滞后或保护滞后的不平衡，且活力值和均衡度呈显著负相关；在强度上，各类活力等级的村落活力强度优劣势存在明显差异；在影响因素上，地形起伏度、高程、与景区距离、与教育设施距离、与农业基地距离对活力空间差异影响显著，影响强度存在明显的空间差异。3）基于活力分类可以有效优化市县两级传统村落规划，在市域层面，可以精准地分区分类分级制定传统村落综合值-均衡度的提升目标与策略；在县域层面，基于活化组团和个体分类，可以有效构建分单元活化的目标与策略。研究厘清了兼具中等发达地区传统村落地域特点和普适价值的活力表征方法和数据库范式，突破了以往应用问卷调查和现场监测只能测评少量传统村落活力的局限性，实现了大样本传统村落的活力分类、适宜目标、科学规划的有效关联，积极回应了我国传统村落集中连片保护利用中分类精准施策的现实需求。