家族社会资本传承及其对家族企业代际创业的影响机理研究

Transgenerational entrepreneurship has the potential to sustain family firms across generations. A firm's ability to engage in entrepreneurial behavior will depend, in part, on its resources. However, whether and to what extent the distinctive resources of family firms (i.e. "familiness") hinder or promote entrepreneurial behavior is still a big debate in the family business field. Some scholars suggest that we should first identify the constitute elements of familiness, and then examine their effects respectively. Recently, social capital has becoming an important perspective to explore the sources and elements of familiness, and, at the same time, an interest in networks and social capital has permeating entrepreneurship research. For this reason, this project will focus on family social capital (FSC), a special social capital, to examine its influence on transgenerational entrepreneurship in family firms. Specifically, six studies will be conducted sequentially. In the first study, the representative models of FSC succession will be identified through case studies in China's family firms. Then, we will conduct the second study to disclose the typical phases and the characteristic tasks need to be done in each phase of FSC succession process. We then try to extract, in the third study, the nature of FSC succession. The key success factors of FSC succession will be systematically identified and their influential mechanisms will also be investigated in the forth study. In the last two studies, we will examine the influence of FSC succession on transgenerational entrepreneurship in family firms, as well as the moderating effects of different forms of transgeneration entrepreneurship. Finally, we will put forward a series of management strategies of the FSC succession and transgenerational entrepreneurship in family firms from different points of view, including researchers, consultants, practitioners, and policy makers.

代际创业对家族企业成功走出"富不过三代"怪圈具有十分重要的推动作用。可是，目前理论界对于家族参与给企业带来的独特资源（往往被统称为"家族性"）究竟是促进还是阻碍公司内部的创业活动一直存在很大争议。对此，学者们认为首先需要对家族性做出系统解构，然后再分别来检验不同要素或维度的具体效应。近年来，社会资本被认为是解构"家族性"来源和构成要素的重要理论视角，同时其对个人和公司创业活动的重要性也已得到创业研究者们的广泛认可。为此，本课题聚焦家族社会资本这一家族企业中特有的社会资本类型，尝试在家族企业传承情境中把握其跨代延续的内在规律及本质内涵，并在对其代际传承或延续效果做出科学测量的基础上，分析和检验其传承效果对家族企业代际创业绩效的影响机制。最后，我们还将分别从不同参与主体的角度，提出促进家族社会资本有效传承和家族企业连续创业的管理对策。

代际创业对家族企业成功走出“富不过三代”怪圈具有十分重要的推动作用。可是，家族企业究竟如何成功推动代际创业这一重要理论问题一直没有得到学者们的足够关注。本课题聚焦家族社会资本这一家族企业中特有的社会资本类型，尝试在家族企业传承情境中把握其跨代传承的内在规律及本质内涵，并在对其代际传承效果做出科学测量的基础上，分析和检验其传承效果对家族企业代际创业的影响机制。对于家族社会资本代际传承机理的研究表明，家族社会资本的代际传承是一个循序渐进的过程，在不同阶段上家族企业需要完成的关键任务和采取的具体策略显著不同。其中，在第一阶段最为典型的任务是，代际间的关系哲学传递；第二阶段的核心任务是企业家关系网络的解构及二代企业家的导入；在第三阶段，需要聚焦关系构建与管理实践中的跨代角色调整；第四阶段的核心任务是关系网络节点的更新和网络结构的重塑。研究同时还发现，关系哲学的代际传递几乎贯穿家族企业传承的整个过程，并且这个过程中还会伴随着关系构建和维护技巧的传授。对于家族社会资本代际传承的本质内涵，课题组通过研究认为，这应该是一个关系网络（节点和结构）的代际重构和关系哲学的代际传授过程。基于这样的认知，课题组还分析和检验了传承计划对于家族社会资本代际传承以及后续家族企业跨代创业的影响。研究结果表明，传承计划对家族社会资本的成功传承具有显著的促进作用，而家族社会资本的成功传承又会进一步影响到家族企业的代际创业导向。最后，课题组还对家族企业代际创业的典型模型进行了归纳和分析，多案例对比研究结果显示，家族企业的代际创业主要可以归纳为三种不同的模式：一是“固本”型业务转型升级模式；二是“培元”型全新业务探索模式；三是“传承”驱动型新企业创造模式。接下来，课题组还将继续分析和检验不同代际创业模式对于家族社会资本传承和家族企业代际创业之间关系的可能影响。