声强测试方法在绿色建筑中应用及其关键问题研究

The sound insulation experiment has a higher signal-to-noise ratio、inhibition on the lateral sound transmission through the sound intensity method compared with the conventional method. And, the sound intensity method can detect the path of sound leakage, which is particularly essential to find out the points of sound leakage at the scene, and has prominent significance for the promotion of green buildings. Internationally, sound intensity method has made in testing, development and application. Very differently from the international considerable progress and application, the research on sound intensity has not yet been carried out in our country.. Starting from analyzing the status of practical application and scientific research, with the focus on developing the two- microphone real-time sound intensity measurement system by use of the geometric mean method, and with the integrated application of simulation analysis, laboratory testing and field validation. This project was systematically carried out to explore the sound intensity method of sound insulation experiment which is suitable for Chinese green building, and accessed the accuracy contribution factors such as the test envelope surface, ambient noise, acoustics conditions in the sound receiving room, the scanning method, component installation conditions through the sound intensity method. In addition, the project can provided the basis for the formulation and promotion of the sound intensity method testing standards in green buildings.

目前绿色建筑围护结构隔声量测试普遍采用声压法,但声压法本身具有局限性；而声强法具有较高的信噪比，可以从测试方法上抑制侧向传声；同时声强法还可以探测漏声途径等优势；漏声部位的发现对现场测试尤其重要。国内声强法测试在建筑行业的应用及研究尚未开展,与国际上在声强法测试与开发应用方面取得长足进展形成鲜明反差。.本项目从实际应用与科学研究现状的剖析出发，拟以"几何平均法的双传声器实时声强测量系统的研制"为关键点，综合应用模拟分析、实验室试验以及现场实测验证等方法，系统开展探索适合我国绿色建筑声强法隔声测试技术方法的研究，通过获取影响声强法测试精度的关键因子如测试包络面、背景噪声、受声室声学状况、扫描方法、构件的安装条件的优选范围，进而提出声强法在绿色建筑中的应用规律，从而为绿色建筑中声强法测试标准制定与推广提供依据。

声强法具有较高的信噪比，可以从测试方法上抑制侧向传声；同时声强法还可以探测漏声途径等优势；漏声部位的发现对现场测试尤其重要。本项目分析各种结构如门、窗、轻质隔墙等多种新型结构的声压法及声强法测试结果差异出发；对于绿色建筑中的隔声测试中的侧向传声、墙体缝隙等声学现象，进行声强法与声压法的测试结果比较，并深入研究提高声强法测试速度的几种可行方案。针对在点声源的条件下两种通用三维声强仪的有限差分误差及方向定位误偏差进行分析比较，分析声强法现场隔声测试及噪声源定位精度，分析了正四面体声强仪及六传声器系统的测量误差，同时在现场进行了不同户型的隔墙及不同厚度的隔墙进行了测试。在消声室及混响室内分别探讨背景噪声对声强测量精度的影响，同时用数值计算方法模拟建筑不同声强的测量性能，对比分析声强法测试结果，研究结果表明，在SNR为25dB时对噪声定位精度开始有影响。通过三维声强测试系统的开展研究，进而提出声强法吸声系数现场测试的应用规律，从而为绿色建筑中声强法测试标准制定与推广提供依据。