中国公共支出的居民幸福感效应测度及结构优化路径研究

Compared with the traditional economic development model , "New normal" more emphasis on positive interaction between economic development and people's livelihood improvement. It is the core problem and cannot be ignored in the process of social development that increasingly rich material wealth can be synchronized into a higher level of residents' happiness. This project is based on the theory of consumer utility, market failure and fiscal decentralization, selects cross-sectional data that micro individual sample nested municipal government, introduces the control variables such as the social characteristics of the individual and the family and the macro economy, assesses the impact of public expenditure on residents' happiness from four perspectives. Firstly, we examine the relationship between the total amount of public expenditure, different types of public expenditure and residents' happiness, comparative analyze the differences in the effect of public expenditure on residents' happiness in different income and different economic regions. Secondly, we study the influence of government financing cost and fiscal illusion on residents' happiness of public expenditure, and explain the economic meaning of the conclusion. Thirdly, it is necessary to test whether public service satisfaction and consumption are the transmission mechanism of public expenditure affecting residents' happiness. Finally, explore the optimization path to enhance the happiness of Chinese residents.

与传统经济发展模式相比，“新常态”更侧重强调经济发展与民生改善之间的良性互动。而日渐富足的物质财富能否同步转化为更高水平的居民幸福感，是社会发展过程中不可忽视的核心问题。本项目在消费者效用、市场失灵与财政分权理论的基础上，选取微观个体样本嵌套市级政府的截面数据，引入个人与家庭社会特征及宏观经济等控制变量，从四个角度评估公共支出对居民幸福感的影响。首先，考察公共支出总量、不同类型公共支出与居民幸福感之间的相关性，比较分析不同收入阶层、不同经济区域公共支出对居民幸福感效应之间存在的差异；其次，分别研究政府筹资成本、财政幻觉对公共支出幸福感效应的影响，并对所得结论的经济含义进行解释说明；再次，检验公共服务满意度、消费是否是公共支出影响居民幸福感的传导机制；最后，探寻提升中国居民幸福感的优化路径。

2014年，习近平总书记提出中国经济发展已经步入“新常态”，更加侧重于强调经济发展与民生改善之间的良性互动，通过提高公共服务的供给水平与公平度来提升居民生活质量，进而增加其生活满意度与主观幸福感。基于以上背景，本项目将中国居民幸福感作为研究对象，利用微观个体样本嵌套于省级政府的截面数据，实证考察公共支出总量、不同类型公共支出对居民幸福感的影响，比较分析公共支出对不同收入阶层、不同经济区域居民幸福感影响效应的差异性，分别考虑政府筹资和财政幻觉对公共支出幸福感效应的影响作用，同时，进一步探讨公共支出影响居民幸福感的传导机制。在识别出幸福感的主要影响因素，明确其传导机制之后，探寻提升中国居民幸福感的优化路径。研究结果表明：（1）增加公共支出总量能够显著提升居民幸福感，但其结构对居民需求存在差异性，教育、住房保障和社会保障支出占比与居民幸福感呈负相关，医疗卫生和文化体育支出占比与其呈正相关；（2）公共支出对低收入群体的幸福感效应高于中、高收入群体，对中西部地区居民幸福感效应高于东部地区；（3）政府筹资成本会低估公共支出幸福感效应，而财政幻觉则会高估其效应；（4）公共服务满意度是影响公共支出幸福感的重要传导机制，政府应适度增加公共支出总量，加大对低收入人群和经济欠发达地区的投入力度，提升公共服务质量，实现社会幸福感效应最大化。在本项目的资助下，已完成并出版专著2部，完成学术论文6篇，其中在CSSCI期刊公开发表2篇，其余4篇正处于外审或初审阶段；共计培养硕士研究生3名；学术论文被多次下载并引用，扩展了相关领域研究。