基于“动态分区尺度”的特大城市密度空间再构研究——以深圳市为例

This study will attempt to break through the traditional research limitation in the attenuation model of static density and single density spatial index. Due to the increasingly obvious phenomena of home-work separation and density mismatch problems, the concept "Density Scale" is put forward to meet some level of Home-work balance and according workers' living and commuting distance, further shaped into a continuous spatio-temporal evolution sequence based on different time node, for the comparing betwwen years. After the scale boundary determined, the population density and other social properties are merged into spatial density index, for the further obtaining "composite density" spatial distribution within the scale space. In order to better matches the identification of composite density and density spatial form, fractal geometry is introduced into spatial differences in the distribution of composite density, the mathematical characteristics of density will be extracted. From two angles of "density efficiency" and "density experience"of different types of density space by fractal geometry, the study results are in effective inspection. The study will take the High-tech Zone of Shenzhen as its example, puts forward the corresponding optimization scheme on the local density control-system and the allocation of public resources. It's of great significance to explore and optimize the arrangement of urban spatial resources.

本研究尝试突破传统密度分区研究中的静态密度衰减模型和单一密度空间指标的局限，从特大城市中日益显著的职住分离现象和密度空间错配问题出发，提出基于满足某职住平衡系数和相应职工通勤距离的城市“密度分区尺度”概念，对不同时间节点的密度分区尺度进行比较，形成连续时空演变序列。在尺度空间边界确定的基础上，通过对原容积率为主的物质空间密度指标增加社会属性密度指标，得出尺度空间内的“复合密度”的空间分布。为了更好地将复合密度与空间形态进行匹配识别，通过在以地块复合容积率指标为基础建立的密度空间差异分布的基础上，进行密度差异的空间形态分形研究，提取密度外部肌理的数学特征。研究还从“密度效率”和“密度体验”两个角度对不同分形类型的城市密度空间类型，进行实效检验。研究以深圳市高新园区为例，对当地的密度控制体系和公共资源配置提出相应优化方案。本研究成果对于揭示与优化城市空间资源配置具有重要意义。

本研究以1999年和2014年的建筑普查数据为基础数据，通过城市密度指标的年度空间分布特征和1999-2014年期间动态演变趋势，通过区-街道-地理单元（500*500米）三个空间层面、更准确地地认识深圳市密度空间的分布规律及演化趋势。同时，城市空间的影响机制是科学制定城市功能布局、优化交通组织、提升城市整体效率的基础和前提，交通条件作为空间可达性的核心影响因素之一，本研究从地铁建设与道路网系统密度两个方面展开相关性探讨。既为多源空间数据方法的实际运用提供新的应用领域，又为深圳市紧凑城市的具体技术系统夯实了应用领域和范围，呼应了当前各地以信息技术缓解城市问题、提升城市环境品质的迫切需要，从而对智慧城市的应用有着直接的理论支撑意义。