基于牧民增收的草原畜牧业产业链建设与运行机制创新研究

The grassland animal husbandry is a crucial part of modern agricultural system in China, and to increase income of herdsmen is the key of solving the problem of "issues of pastoral area, animal husbandry and herdsmen" and promoting social harmonious development between urban and rural, regions and nations. Trying to study the issue of increasing herdsmen's income from the perspective of constructing an industrial chain of the grassland animal husbandry, this thesis attempts to construct a adaptive business model of herdsmen sharing husbandry industrial chain under the modern market system. Using developed countries' development experience in husbandry industry for reference and five major pastoral areas in China as research samples, the necessity and feasibility of constructing the industrial chain of the grassland animal husbandry could be demonstrated. By analyzing the industrial chain development of the grassland animal husbandry and herdsmen's income situation of different samples in depth, studying the value coordinate relations in different types of industrial chains of the grassland animal husbandry and the quantitative relation between the internal and external influence of industrial chain and herdsmen's income, measuring the contribution rate of different types of grassland animal husbandry's operating factors to herdsmen's income, identifying and determining the operation modes of distinctive husbandry industrial chain in different types of pastoral area, establishing new mechanism for different types of grassland animal husbandry's stable operation with grassland characteristics and leading innovation in production and operation mechanism by innovating operating mechanism of industrial chain of the grassland animal husbandry, ideas for government solving the problem of herdsmen's slow income growth and accelerating coordinated development of region economy could be provided.

草原畜牧业是我国现代农业体系的重要组成部分，提高牧民收入是解决"三牧"问题的核心，也是城乡、区域和民族之间和谐发展的关键。本项目拟从草原畜牧业产业链建设的视角研究牧民增收问题，试图构建现代市场体系下牧民最大化分享畜牧产业链利益的可适性商业模式。在借鉴发达国家草原畜牧业发展经验的基础上，以我国"五大牧区"为研究样本，论证建设草原畜牧业产业链的必要性和可行性；深入分析各样本牧区草原畜牧业产业链建设和牧民收入现状；研究不同种类草原畜牧产业链内部的价值协调性及产业链内外部影响因素与牧民收入之间的量化关系，测算不同畜牧产业链运行要素对牧民收入的贡献率；识别并确定不同类型牧区差异性的畜牧产业链运行模式；依据草原区域特色，确立不同畜牧产业链模式稳定运行的新机制；通过产业链运行机制的创新带动草原牧区畜牧业生产经营机制创新，为西部地方政府有效破解牧民收入增长缓慢难题、加快区域经济协调发展提供思路。

草原畜牧业是我国农业体系的重要组成部分，其发展的好坏不但关乎草原畜牧业的健康发展，而且关乎牧民增收和牧区社会的团结稳定。但长期以来，草原牧区牧民增收缓慢、合作社组织松散、要素配置效率低下和龙头企业加工能力低等问题突出，这不仅是草原畜牧业和牧区经济发展结构失调的现实反映，也是改革开放以来经济长期发展所积累的各种深层次问题及矛盾的具体表现。破解牧区、牧业和牧民问题（简称“三牧”问题）的关键是促进牧民增收,而加快草原畜牧业产业链建设、打造完整的草原畜牧业产业链是解决“三牧”问题的根本出路，也是破解牧民收入低、增收难的有效途径。基于此，本项目将牧民收入的提高提升到草原畜牧产业链建设和运行机制创新的层面进行分析，以期为加强草原牧区产业链建设和运行机制创新提供理论支持，为政府破解牧民收入增长缓慢难题、加快区域经济协调发展提供思路和借鉴，为政府制定相关“三牧”扶持政策提供咨询和参考。. 本项目在详细梳理草原畜牧业产业链及其运行机制相关基础理论和国内外研究文献的基础上，立足于新疆、内蒙古、青海和甘肃四个省份的典型牧区，构建草原畜牧业产业链的分析构架,根据实际调研问卷、统计数据以及部门资料等，深入剖析我国草原畜牧业产业链的运行现状、草原牧区牧民收入增长缓慢的深层次原因,以及牧户、牧民合作社和龙头企业在产业链利益联结中存在的问题，研究四大典型牧区草原畜牧业产业链的利益联结方式、主要利益主体以及主体间的博弈现状。运用定性和定量相结合的方法，分析草原畜牧业产业链的运行要素及其对牧民收入的影响，评价草原畜牧业产业链内部的价值协调性；运用实证研究方法研究草原畜牧业产业链运行的效率机制和利益联结机制；运用控制论和复杂网络理论研究草原畜牧产业链的信息传递机制。从利益连结机制、运行效率机制、信息传递机制创新和分配协调机制方面提出产业链运行机制的创新思路，从牧民增收的视角提出草原畜牧业产业链建设和运行的具体对策。. 本项目将我国典型草原牧区的草原畜牧业产业化、产业链建设和运行机制与牧民增收相结合进行研究具有一定理论和实践意义。