群际威胁：群体自我过程还是个体自我过程？

The premeise of intergroup threat is social categorization. when one awares and accepts explicitly or implicitly his own group identity, he will define "ingroup " and "outgroup".One of the basic notion of social identity theory is that this awareness of group will active the collective-self of one's self-concept system, and then response consistently with his ingroup norm.Hencely, intergroup threat is the process and product of one's collective-self. Researches found that, the prime of intergroup threat will deplete the evaluation on collective-self which support that collective-self involves in intergroup threat. However, the prime of intergroup threat derogate the executive function, which has no relationship with one's collective-self but only an individual process. Does it mean that there is individual-self involved in intergroup threat? There is no direct evidence to show that individual-self take part in intergroup threat process. The social identity theorists such as Tajfel believed that both collective-self and individual-self are social, because people define their collective-self by intergroup comparision, and their individual-self by interpersonal comparison.Both intergroup comparison and interpersonal comparison are social. Does that mean there is one structure which cover collective-self and individual-self? If it is true, we can infer that intergroup threat involves the two components of self-concept. The questions we will answer in this project are: a)do collective-self and individual-self coexist during the process of intergroup threat? b)what are the behavioral and neural evidence of their coexist? c)how do they coexist during the process of intergroup threat

群际威胁产生的前提是群体分类，对内群体和外群体边界的认可与接纳，即内隐与外显意识到"我群"与"他群"。社会认同理论认为这种"群体意识"会激活个体自我概念中"群体自我"成分，从而在认知、情绪和行为上做出与群体一致的反应。因此，从个体角度看，群际威胁应该是人们群体自我的过程和结果。研究发现，群际威胁的启动的确会降低低地位被试对群体自我的评价；同时，也会降低与群体身份无关的个体认知过程如执行功能。这说明个体自我也可能卷入群际威胁过程和结果。社会认同理论认为不仅群体自我是社会的，个体自我也是社会的，因此，二者可能共存于一个社会心理结构中。但是，在群际威胁过程中群体自我和个体自我是否同时存在，如果同时存在，那么共存在的模式是平行结构还是等级结构，还缺乏直接的证据。本项目拟采用行为实验、认知神经科学实验等多种技术手段来揭示群际威胁过程中群体自我和个体自我的表征方式，以及共存的模式及其证据。

群际威胁产生的前提是群体分类意识。社会认同理论认为这种“群体意识”会激活自我概念中“群体自我”成分，因此，群体自我会卷入群际威胁过程和结果。但是群际威胁的启动会降低自我评价，这说明个体自我也可能卷入群际威胁过程和结果。因此，本项目关注群际威胁过程中群体自我和个体自我是否同时存在以及其共存的模式结构。. 本项目以社会阶层、国家以及实验室群体为研究对象，使用行为实验、ERP和fMRI等生理技术进行了研究。发现群际威胁过程中确实群体自我和个体自我共存。群际威胁会集体自尊；显著诱发对外群体的攻击意向。这验证了群际威胁中的群体自我过程。同时，群际威胁降低了消极自我的清晰性，作用过程体现在大脑缘上回（SMG）和楔前叶上，导致SMG与Rectus的功能联结增强；群际威胁降低内隐自我评价和内隐自尊；减弱自我反省行为并导致dMPFC、右侧DLPFC、右侧颞极区和后扣带回等脑区激活程度减弱；诱发显著的内疚、羞愧等自我意识情绪，破坏自我面孔加工优势，引导人们的目光注视威胁群体，导致右侧dACC的激活程度越高和右侧尾状核（caudate）激活程度增强。这些结果从多个角度重复证明了个体自我卷入群际威胁过程。群际威胁过程中个体自我与群体自我的关系可能是双路径模式，既有平行关系，也存在等级性结构。研究证明，群际威胁可以对个体自我和群体自我单独产生影响，Rectus是二者的共同脑区，这些都说明二者是并列结构。但是关系分析发现，集体自尊可以调节群际威胁与个体自尊之间的关系，这表明群际威胁过程中集体自我与个体自我存在非并列的关系。因此，后续还需要从更深入的研究多角度揭示二者之间的关系。. 该项目的成果从群体类别角度和后果角度都扩展了整合群际威胁理论对于群际过程的观点，开拓了群际过程与自我过程（包括状态自我与过程自我）之间的关系，对于深入了解群体身份与自我的相互作用提供了大量的数据支撑。同时，研究所开创的自我概念清晰性计算公式、群际威胁的操作范式也为群体过程的研究提供了有效的实验范式。