社会威胁对自我面孔加工优势的影响及其认知神经机制

Self-face processing advantage is an index of positive self-concept and healthy personality, which is highly related to mental health. However, self-face processing advantage is also sensitive to threatening information. Human beings are social animals, and encountering social threat will be inevitable. But previous study paid no attention to how social threat influence self-face processing advantage and its neural mechanism. In this study, the behavior, event-related brain potential (ERP), and functional MRI were combined to explore how social threat influence self-face processing advantage from both explicit processing and implicit processing perspectives. Furthermore, we try to further explore the mechanism of self-esteem buffering social threat. Our study mainly included: (1) Behavior characteristics of social threat influencing self-face processing advantage: the different pattern between explicit processing and implicit processing; (2) Time course of social threat influencing self-face processing advantage: the different mechanism between short-term threat effect and long-term threat effect; (3) Cognitive neural mechanism of social threat influencing self-face processing advantage: the different mechanism between cognitive processes and emotional processes. This project is of great theoretical and practical significance. On the one hand, it would provide important scientific data for constructing the model of social threat influencing self-face processing advantage, also test and develop the theory about self-esteem buffering social threat. On the other hand, it would provide basis for guiding individuals to effectively buffer social threat, keep mental health and better adapt to the social lives.

自我面孔加工优势反映了自我概念的积极属性，与心理健康息息相关，却具有针对威胁信息的敏感性。人类的社会性决定个体难免遭遇社会威胁，但以往研究忽视了社会威胁对自我面孔加工优势的影响及其认知神经机制。本项目结合行为学、事件相关电位和功能磁共振技术，从外显加工和内隐加工两个角度，考察社会威胁对自我面孔加工优势的影响及其认知神经机制，并探讨自尊调节社会威胁的机制。研究内容包括：（1）社会威胁影响自我面孔加工优势的行为特征：外显加工与内隐加工的分离；（2）社会威胁影响自我面孔加工优势的时间加工进程：短时威胁效应与长时威胁效应的分离；（3）社会威胁影响自我面孔加工优势的认知神经机制：认知过程与情绪过程的分离。本项目可为构建社会威胁影响自我面孔加工优势的理论模型提供数据支持，检验和发展自尊抵御社会威胁的理论观点，还为指导个体有效应对社会威胁并保持心理健康及良好的社会适应提供依据，具有重要的理论和实践意义。

本项目结合行为学、事件相关电位和功能磁共振技术，从外显加工和内隐加工两个角度，考察了社会威胁对自我面孔加工优势的影响及其认知神经机制。本项目主要发现：（1）社会威胁对自我面孔加工优势的影响呈现双加工模式，即社会威胁只可破坏内隐自我面孔加工优势，却不能破坏外显自我面孔加工优势；（2）社会威胁对外显自我面孔加工优势的影响呈现出短时威胁效应（只表现出对N2成分的抑制），但对内隐自我面孔加工优势的影响却呈现出长时威胁效应（表现出对N2成分的抑制和P300成分的增强）；（3）社会威胁后，外显加工自我面孔将引发个体应对威胁的认知调控过程（前扣带回的活动增强），而内隐加工自我面孔则将引发面对威胁的情绪凸显过程（脑岛的活动增强）。另外，本项目还额外发现威胁场景对自我面孔识别的影响受到场景性质(自然 vs. 社会)和性别因素的共同调节；择偶过程中遭遇异性拒绝对自我加工优势的影响存在性别差异，并受到品质和外貌的调节；加工社会评价面孔信息后，外显加工自我面孔引发了个体应对威胁的认知调控过程（负责认知调控的额顶控制网络活动增强）；死亡凸显威胁后，自尊通过降低死亡抑郁水平和脑岛的活动增加了内隐自我面孔加工优势，而依存自我建构通过提高背内侧前额叶的活动减小了外显自我面孔加工优势。以上研究结果可为构建社会威胁影响自我面孔加工优势的理论模型提供数据支持，还可为指导个体有效应对社会威胁并保持心理健康及良好的社会适应提供依据，具有重要的理论和实践意义。