基于“空间-行为”理论的传统村落保护与更新的影响评估研究

The conservation and regeneration of traditional villages is an important point for the implementation of the strategy of Rural Revitalization in China. Assessing the impact of the implementation of the conservation and regeneration of traditional villages is the key basis for guiding the future development of the villages. Local residents are the mainstay of the village life and the core driving force behind the heritage. The assessment based on residents is the key to measure the effectiveness of conservation and regeneration. However, at present, there is still no research based on the perspective of village residents..This project will introduce the “space-behavior” theory and expand the research on the behavior of village residents in the small-scale, so as to build a new method of impact assessment for the conservation and regeneration of traditional villages. This project is first based on text analysis methods, to sort out the role of conservation and regeneration policy at the spatial level, and combine field mapping to reveal the evolutionary characteristics of physical space after the implementation of policies. Second, based on behavioral geography behavioral survey and research methods were used to collect individual behavior databases and portray residents' behavioral space. Third, based on the GIS platform, the behavioral space is compared with actual physical space and policy objectives, and then the assessment conclusion is drawn. Finally, an impact assessment model for the conservation and regeneration of traditional villages based on residents will be constructed to provide more targeted evidence for the formulation and adjustment of spatial policies.

传统村落的保护与更新是我国实施乡村振兴战略的重要切入点。评估传统村落保护更新的实施影响，是指导村落未来发展的关键性依据。当地居民是村落生活的主体和传承的核心动力，以居民为主体的评估是衡量保护与更新成效的关键。然而目前，尚缺乏基于村落居民视角的评估研究。.本项目将引入“空间-行为”理论，并拓展在小尺度空间范围内对村落居民的行为研究，从而构建传统村落保护与更新的影响评估新方法。本项目首先基于文本分析方法，梳理保护与更新政策在空间层面的作用类型，并结合实地测绘，揭示政策实施后物质空间的演化特征。其次，采用行为地理学的行为调查和研究方法采集个体行为数据库，并刻画居民行为空间。第三，基于GIS平台将行为空间与实际物质空间及政策目标相比较，得出评估结论。最终构建以居民为主体的传统村落保护与更新政策的影响评估模型，为制定和调整空间政策提供更有针对性的佐证。

传统村落的保护与改造是我国实施乡村振兴战略的重要切入点。以本地村民利益为价值标准评估乡村规划设计策略的实施成效，是乡村可持续发展的重要内生性保障。本项目基于“空间-行为”理论，将居民行为作为评估关键表征要素，从规划设计策略的文本分析、乡村行为空间的类型界定与识别、行为与空间的互相作用机理、不同行为空间的规划评估指标等多个层面逐步深入，建构传统村落规划实施评估方法，评估规划实施对不同类型行为空间产生的影响与成效并开展实证应用。项目在资助期间主要取得了三方面成果：（1）针对如何确立规划实施评估方法这一关键问题，提出“要素—情景—方法”的关联框架建立了评估方法的理论选择模型，出版专著1部，发表论文1篇并获得中国城市规划学会评选的2021金经昌中国城市规划优秀论文奖；（2）研究村民主体视角下的沟通式规划制度与参与式评估制度，为探索以村民为主体的评估方法提供制度依据，发表中文核心期刊论文1篇；（3）界定乡村行为空间的划分依据与类别，建立行为视角下的乡村规划实施评估指标，发表SCI论文1篇。此外，其他相关成果出版专著1部，获得“十三五”重点研发计划的后续资助，在其中负责子课题“特色村镇的综合价值评估技术”1项。本项目研究对科学制定传统村落的规划设计策略具有重要的反馈作用与参考价值，已通过成果转化面向基层乡村政府和村民提供了易懂可行的规划引导和评估工具，有助于优化乡村规划设计建设的品质，不断激活乡村自主营造的能力。