基于“主体-产业-空间”协同视角的传统村落发展模式与重构研究

Traditional villages are regarded as a considerably precious heritage resource in China. However, they are suffering from the crucial decline in both material and structure whereby a severe survival crisis emerges. Conducted in a micro scale empirical way and put under the emergency need of resource-dependent areas transition background，five traditional villages of different types in Handan are elaborately selected and intensively studied in order to explore a realistic sustainable rural development path through illustrating the realistic development dilemma and characteristics of the temporal and spatial changes taken place in different types of villages and evaluating the conflict between and integration of “local tradition” and “modern development”. Focusing on traditional village types, changes and developments, this thesis applies theories of tourism geography, rural geography, sociology and anthropology comprehensively to discuss the subjectivity in rural area development, locality in livelihood change, and sociality in spatial research from the three-dimensional dynamic perspective of “Host-Industry-Space” (H-I-S) with the GIS spatial analysis technology, fieldwork investigation, social network analysis methodology.. The content are composed of: (1) construction of H-I-S theoretical perspective: connotation, synergy and dynamic evaluation index establishment and quantification; (2) the classification of Handan traditional village and evaluation of cultural heritage value under a new perspective; (3) the illustration of spatial changes of traditional villages in Handan: characteristics, mechanisms, and its interaction with livelihood; (4) the reconstruction of paths of different types of villages under local strategies;((5) Local Strategy and Reconstruction of traditional villages under the embedding of Tourism (Industrial Reconstruction, Spatial Reconstruction and Cultural Reconstruction).. The significance of this study lies not only in promoting the rural social transformation marked by cultural revival in resource-dependent areas represented by Handan, but also in presenting new vitality and dynamic multi-factor research reference to the policy-making and practice-taking on rural revitalization and sustainable development of traditional villages throughout China via reshaping a new relationship between traditional villages and modernity in terms of subjective strategy of protecting “culture” as well as “people” , livelihood transformation strategy of relying on “resources” as well as “industry”, and the spatial practice strategy of “endogenous” as well as “external-oriented” development paths.

传统村落作为我国重要的文化遗产资源，正经受物质性和结构性衰败的双重考验,面临严峻的续存危机。研究基于“主体-产业-空间”（H-I-S）协同视角，以“传统村落类型、变迁与发展”为核心, 以旅游地理、乡村地理、社会学和人类学等交叉学科理论为基础，综合运用GIS空间分析技术、田野调查和社会网络分析等方法，以邯郸为案例区，梳理社会转型期的现实困境，判别生计变迁带来的“地方传统”和“现代发展”的冲突与融合，构建科学发展路径。主要内容包括：①H-I-S理论视角构建：内涵、协同关系及评价指标建立；②新视角下传统村落分类与文化遗产评估；③传统村落时空演变：特征、机制与生计交互关系；④不同类型村落的发展模式与实证演绎；⑤旅游嵌入下传统村落地方性策略与重构（产业、空间与文化）。研究将推动以邯郸为代表的资源型地区实现文化复兴和乡村社会转型，为全国范围内的乡村振兴和传统村落可持续发展提供借鉴与多要素动态的研究启发

传统村落作为农耕文明不可再生的文化遗产，是新时代背景下推进乡村振兴战略不可忽视的资源与潜在力量，近年来备受社会各界的关注。随着快速城镇化进程，传统村落面临着自然衰退、遗产化、空心化与“文化失落”等严峻的续存危机，随着社会转型加剧，传统村落的保护与发展迫在眉睫。..本研究首次关注乡村主体（H）、产业（I）与空间（S）三大要素协同演化的新视角，借鉴国内外乡土社会发展格局与演变、原因与机理的研究成果，选取了邯郸市5个代表性传统村落作为案例地，通过田野调查和深入访谈等手段采集第一手数据，采用定量与定性相结合的方法深入研究，得出以下结论：.（1）研究首创性提出以“主体-产业-空间”三维动态视角展开传统村落的类型、特征与发展模式研究。（2）H-I-S三要素协同视角下的传统村落分类及特征分析。（3）探究不同类型的传统村落发展模式及案例演绎。（4）以广府古城为例展开HIS要素从阈限到融合的乡村重构研究。（5） 以广府古城为例，探讨三生（生活-生产-生态）系统与文化主体价值的互动。.本研究构建一套基于“H-I-S”的传统村落研究框架进行村落分类、评价与发展模式研究。这一视角创新，一方面突破传统的村落分类法与行政认定范畴，囊括了处于不同变迁阶段的村落，促进“动态性”和“整体性”乡村遗产全面认知体系的构建。另一方面，将传统村落的发展置于资源型地区转型背景下，重审乡村重构面临的新关系——保“人”与保“文化”的主体性策略、“资源”与“产业”的生计转换策略以及“内生型”与“外导型”路径的空间重构策略。摒弃“见物不见人”传统发展路径的弊端，探索 “神形兼备”的地方性发展策略。最后，在乡村振兴背景下，将邯郸置于京津冀、环渤海经济区和中原经济区三大战略区域的整体生态文明体系中探究该区域的乡村振兴科学路径，促进传统乡土文化再生，践行独特的“邯郸模式”成为全国资源型地区文化复兴的示范。