基于精明收缩的传统村落功能更新与空间活化研究——以皖赣徽文化核心区为例

The Rural decline is an inevitable issue of urban and rural development in China at present, and the protection and inheritance and renewal development of traditional villages is the necessity of the new urbanization. It is urgent to seek the theoretical and practice innovation of the discipline of the urban and rural planning with the situation of the village decline and large vacancy of built environment. With the case study of the core regions of Huizhou culture in Anhui and Jiangxi as the classic areas of the traditional Chinese villages, based on the perspective of the village development and culture inheritance synergy, the research project reveals the functional evolution process and spatial evolution characteristics by the general survey and analysis of the villages; with the systematic analysis of the function and spatial integration of the traditional villages under the guidance of culture inheritance, the project presents the mechanism and the key elements of the interaction between the function and space of traditional villages; with the introduction of ides of “smart decline”, the project establishes the planning research framework of the function renewal and space revitalization of the traditional villages from the aspects of theoretical innovation, logical establishment, and approach improvement; it explores the approaches and planning methods of the function renewal and space revitalization of the traditional villages from the macro-level of policies, medium level of regions, micro-level of villages. The project is expected to enrich the research system of the traditional villages in China, and provide the theoretical basis and practice approaches of protection and use and inheritance and development, and offer the reference for the revival and development of the traditional villages in other similar areas, and even the rural planning in China.

乡村衰微是当下我国城乡发展不可回避的现实问题，传统村落保护传承与更新发展是新型城镇化的必然要求，面对乡村收缩与建成环境大量空置的局面，亟待寻求城乡规划学科理论与实践创新。以中国传统村落典型区域皖赣徽文化核心区为例，基于乡村发展与文化传承协同的视角，运用村落普查与分析方法，揭示传统村落功能演进过程及其空间演化特征；通过文化传承导向的传统村落功能与空间融合发展系统分析，阐释传统村落功能与空间相互作用机制并厘清其关键要素；引入“精明收缩”理念，从理论创新、逻辑建立、方法改进等方面构建传统村落功能更新与空间活化的规划研究框架；从宏观政策层面、中观区域层面和微观村落层面探究传统村落功能更新和空间活化路径及规划方法。本研究可望丰富我国传统村落研究体系，为皖赣徽文化核心区传统村落保护利用、传承发展提供理论依据和实践路径，为我国其他类似地区传统村落复兴与发展乃至我国乡村规划提供借鉴。

传统村落的传承保护与更新发展是乡村振兴战略实施的现实要求，是城乡规划学科亟待深化研究的课题。主要内容：引入精明收缩理念，融合多功能乡村理论、文化生态系统理论、遗产价值理论以及空间生产理论等，构建传统村落功能更新与空间活化研究的理论框架；围绕传统村落功能评价与类型划分、功能-空间系统要素及其融合发展测度、功能更新与空间活化路径、传统村落保护发展规划理论与方法等方面进行了探索与实证研究。重要结果：（1）传统村落具有生活宜居、经济发展、文化传承等3大功能，提出了传统村落生活宜居度（L）、经济发展度（D）、文化传承度（I）的功能评价体系，构建了传统村落L-D-I功能类型划分模型，将传统村落划分为文化传承、特色产业、生活居住、综合发展与收缩发展等5个功能类型并提出各自发展方向。（2）在传统村落功能要素系统与空间要素系统分析的基础上，建立传统村落“功能-空间”融合发展指标体系，参考耦合协调度模型构建传统村落功能与空间融合发展测度模型。（3）传统村落（物质）空间是村落文化的物化表现，与其所处的自然环境、经济环境和社会环境共同组成了传统村落文化生态系统。传统村落空间与自然环境、经济环境和社会环境相互作用，呈现出生成、发展、衰败和再生的演化过程。（4）基于空间生产“三元辩证法”视角，传统村落空间可划分为物质空间、社会空间和制度空间3个维度。在资本投入、权力干预及社会关系变迁等力量作用下，3个维度空间实现互动演进，驱动了当代传统村落功能演进与空间转型。（5）依据功能与价值评价，引导分级分类精准施策；精明收缩、突出重点，构建多尺度传统村落保护网络；基于村落多功能化转型进行空间适应性改造等是传统村落保护发展的重要路径。科学意义：项目研究有助于丰富我国传统村落研究体系，为传统村落保护发展提供理论依据和实践路径，可为乡村规划理论创新提供思路借鉴。