磁场作用下厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器的性能及微生物群落生态学研究

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is an efficient and cost-effective autotrophic biological nitrogen removal process for wastewater treatment. However, there are some problems, such as the slow growth rate, scarcity and high environment sensitivity of Anammox bacteria, which limit the applications of Anammox process. To solve these problems, the research is expected to establish a high-efficiency system for Anammox reaction. Expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) will be coupled with external membrane bioreactor (MBR) to build up a novel Anammox granular sludge membrane bioreactor, and its start-up and operational performances will be further enhanced by magnetic field. Magnetic enhancing Anammox granular sludge membrane bioreactor can integrate sludge granulation process, complete biomass retention of MBR and magnetic bio-augmentation: sludge granulation process of EGSB can improve sludge sedimentation property, so that it can reduce the biomass flowing into MBR and alleviate the membrane fouling; while, complete retention of MBR, magnetic bio-augumention and sludge granulation can improve biomass，activity and tolerance of Anammox bacteria in order to strengthen the reactor performances. The project will reveal the law of bacterial community succession and uncover the mechanisms of magnetic bio-augmentation and membrane fouling from the angle of microbial community ecology in order to improve the quick start-up, operational and regulatory strategies, and the project will provide important theoretical basis for industrial applications and engineering scale-up of Anammox process, so that it has great significance for nitrogen pollution control of water bodies.

厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）是一种高效经济的废水自养生物脱氮技术。而厌氧氨氧化菌生长缓慢、菌种稀缺以及环境敏感度高等问题制约了厌氧氨氧化工艺工程化应用。针对这些问题，本项目拟建立一套高效的厌氧氨氧化反应装置。将膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB）与外置式膜生物反应器（MBR）耦合建立新型的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器，再以磁场强化其启动运行性能。磁强化厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器将污泥颗粒化、MBR完全截留和磁场生物强化有机结合：EGSB污泥颗粒化过程能提高污泥沉降性能，减少菌种流入MBR，缓解膜污染；而MBR完全截留、磁场强化、污泥颗粒化可提高厌氧氨氧化菌生物量、活性、环境耐受性，以强化反应器性能。本项目从微生物群落生态学角度揭示反应器启动运行过程菌群演替规律、生物磁强化及膜污染机理，以完善厌氧氨氧化快速启动和运行调控策略，为该工艺应用和工程放大提供重要理论依据，对水体氮污染控制意义重大。

本项目将膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB）和外置式膜生物反应器（MBR）耦合建立一种新型的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器，以加快厌氧氨氧化工艺启动和提高该工艺长期运行性能。本项目考察了厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器的运行工况，研究操作条件对该反应器启动与运行性能的影响，获得最优的工艺操作参数，为厌氧氨氧化工艺快速启动和稳定运行提供重要的基础数据和技术支持。本项目再通过适宜参数的磁场强化反应器性能，揭示磁场强化的机理，发现磁场在一定强度范围内可以加快反应器中微生物群落定向演替，进而强化厌氧氨氧化启动与运行性能。本项目也考察厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器中外置式MBR的膜污染特征，结合反应器运行工况，探讨膜污染机理，从而为膜污染控制提供重要依据。本项目有望推进厌氧氨氧化工艺工业化进程，对于水体氮污染防治具有重要意义。