基于土壤破碎机理的深松节能与增产关系模型研究

Subsoiling is one of the key technologies for conservation tillage. The lack of study on the relationship between subsoiling shovel and soil, particularly the relationship between energy-saving and yield-improving under subsoiling, limits the development of high-performance subsoiler and subsoiling technology. Rely on subsoiling experimental area in Conservation Tillage Research Centre under the Ministry of Agriculture, this project conducts the combining experiments and numerical simulation for the characteristics of opening and soil breaking, and the effect of subsoiling shovel type and structure parameters on soil property. Based on soil property changes, the project studies the mechanism of yield-improvement and energy-saving under subsoiling, establishes the model to the relationship of subsoiling energy consumption and yields, optimizes the subsoiler structure parameters, and puts forward the suitable no-tillage and subsoiling mode for typical agricultural area in China. The successful implementation of this project sets up a theoretical foundation for the design and development of high-performance subsoiling shovel and subsoiler for the Chinese characteristics, and effectively promote the development of subsoiling and conservation tillage technologies in China.

深松是保护性耕作的核心技术之一。深松条件下深松铲与土壤的相互作用关系，特别是基于土壤破碎机理的深松节能与增产关系研究的缺乏制约了高性能深松机的研制和深松技术的发展。本项目依托农业部保护性耕作研究中心的深松试验区,采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法，研究深松开沟碎土特性，明确深松铲类型及其结构参数对农田土壤特性的影响；基于农田土壤特性的变化，研究深松作业增产机理和节能效应，建立深松能耗与产量关系模型，优化深松机结构参数，提出我国典型农业区适宜的免耕深松模式。本项目的成功实施，将为高性能深松铲和适合我国特点的深松机的设计与开发奠定坚实的理论基础，有效推动我国深松和保护性耕作技术的发展。

深松条件下深松铲与土壤的相互作用关系，特别是基于土壤破碎机理的深松节能与增产关系研究的缺乏制约了高性能深松机的研制。为解决这一科学问题，本项目系统研究了土壤-深松机-能耗-产量之间的关系；所取得的成果和创新性体现在：（1）研究确定了翼型铲、箭型铲和凿型铲及其结构参数（张角、入土角等）对壤土、褐土等深松作业前后其土壤特性的影响规律，建立了深松开沟碎土模型，为优化深松铲关键参数提供理论依据；（2）基于翼型铲、箭型铲和凿型铲及其结构参数（张角、入土角等）对作业阻力和作物生长及产量的试验研究，量化了深松作业增产机理和节能效应的关系；（3）构建了深松能耗—产量关系模型，并设计完成了深松铲结构优化及深松效果预测的多目标优化模型软件，并对深松铲结构参数进行了优化。项目实施期间，进行了大量的理论分析和试验，发表学术论文10篇，其中SCI/EI期刊论文9篇；申请国家专利5项，授权2项；培养硕士研究生2名。项目研究成果丰富了深松技术的基础理论，为高性能深松铲和适合我国特点的深松机的研发奠定了理论基础。