乡村振兴战略的旅游路径研究:准入门槛、效果评估与优化机制

From the perspective of industry integration, this project will promote the understanding for the three important problems of the strategy of rural revitalization: First, which rural development conditions are suitable for the development of tourism to achieve rural revitalization? Second, what is the influence of tourism on rural economic development, cultural renaissance and environmental protection? Third, how to promote the optimized development of rural tourism realize rural revitalization through agriculture-tourism integration? Guided by theory of rurality and industry integration, this project has conducted several case studies on rural tourist areas in eastern, middle and western parts of China. The first part will screen out the suitable conditions for the development of rural tourism, and establish the tourism access threshold for the strategy of rural vitalization. The second part will establish a measurement model of the influence of tourism on rural development from the perspectives of economy, social culture and environment, as well as conduct an empirical research. In the third part, based on the theoretical and empirical research conclusions, focus will be put on exploring the dynamic mechanism, integration mechanism and optimization mechanism of agriculture-tourism integration so as to improve the quality of rural tourism, and finally realize rural revitalization through tourism. The project research will explore to put forward the tourism access threshold for rural revitalization, the effect evaluation of tourism on rural development and the optimization mechanism of agriculture-tourism integration, which will improve the quality of agricultural development, promote rural green development, prosper rural culture and provide a practical industrial development way for rural revitalization.

本项目从产业融合视角推进对当前乡村振兴战略的三个重要问题的理解：一是具备哪些发展条件的乡村适合开发旅游？二是旅游对乡村经济发展、文化复兴和环境保护的影响如何？三是如何通过农旅融合，推进乡村旅游优化发展，实现乡村振兴？本项目以乡村性和产业融合理论为指导，基于对我国东、中、西部乡村旅游区的多案例研究，第一部分将筛选出适宜开展乡村旅游的发展条件，建立乡村振兴战略的旅游路径准入门槛；第二部分将从经济、社会文化和环境三维视角，构建旅游对乡村发展的效果评估模型，并进行实证研究；第三部分基于理论和实证研究结论，重点探索农旅融合的动力机制、融合机理和优化机制，提升乡村旅游品质，最终以旅游路径实现乡村振兴。项目研究将探索性地提出乡村振兴的旅游路径准入门槛、旅游对乡村发展影响的效果评估和农旅融合优化机制，将提升农业发展质量、推进乡村绿色发展、繁荣兴盛乡村文化，为实现乡村振兴提供切实的产业发展路径。

乡村振兴战略实施的关键是选择战略路径，而发展乡村旅游是实现乡村振兴战略的重要路径和突破口。那么，乡村振兴战略的旅游路径是否存在准入门槛以及具备哪些发展条件的乡村适合开发旅游呢？乡村旅游是否真的是一条有效的乡村振兴路径？应该如何科学评估乡村旅游在乡村振兴过程中的作用和效果？以及乡村振兴的农旅融合机理和优化机制是什么？这些问题均是乡村振兴战略实施的关键路径中亟须解决的。首先，本项目采用组态视角和QCA方法，基于竞争优势理论框架构建乡村振兴旅游路径准入的组态分析模型，并结合12个全国乡村旅游发展典型案例进行实证研究。其次，将准自然实验法引入到乡村振兴战略旅游路径的研究中，通过设立实验组（发展旅游的乡村）和对照组（未发展旅游的乡村），进一步评估乡村旅游在乡村振兴过程中的作用和效果。最后，构建农旅融合评价指标体系，借助SPSS、ArcGIS软件，探究农旅融合作用机理，并提出优化机制。经过四年的努力，项目圆满完成预期研究任务，取得了三方面的重要结果:一是单个条件变量并不构成乡村振兴旅游路径准入的必要条件，乡村步入旅游发展之路并不存在严格必要的限制条件，且实现乡村振兴的旅游路径是多元化的，“政策与经济双驱型旅游路径”是乡村振兴的旅游最优路径。二是乡村旅游是一条有效的乡村振兴路径，其净效应为3.23%，乡村旅游能为当地居民带来的不仅是物质上的丰富，更多的是精神上的富足，当地居民希望自己生活的乡村能更有“人气”。三是农旅系统融合呈异质性格局，协同效应尚处中低水平，同时县区间发展不均衡，层级极化效应明显，要注重乡村振兴战略旅游路径的地区差异性，因地制宜地制定乡村旅游准入机制及发展政策，加快完善乡村旅游市场经济体制，推进乡村地区精准投资和有效投资战略实施。项目从理论和实践角度探究乡村振兴的旅游路径，对通过乡村旅游升级发展来实现乡村振兴战略的“产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”总目标，具有重要意义。