武陵山片区乡村旅游推动乡村振兴：演化﹒效应﹒机制

Rural tourism and rural vitalization have brought new demands and challenges as well as great opportunities for poverty-stricken areas to get rid of poverty and become rich. Vigorously developing rural tourism to promote rural vitalization, scientifically guiding industrial linkage, solving the problem of how to get rid of poverty and finding a rational developing mode of rural vitalization is the major practical needs and important scientific proposition in China’s poverty-stricken areas. From the perspective of resource integration, industrial agglomeration and spatial effects, the paper constructed the modes of time and space evolution of tourism resources, spatial autocorrelation of tourism industry, tourism background trend, spatial spillover effect of tourism industry. With the aid of GIS Platform, and by using quantitative analysis and spatial analysis, the paper systematically analyzed the industrial linkage logic, process and characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Evolution of the rural vitalization promoted by rural tourism in Wuling Mountainous Area. Taking resources as the internal driving force, policies and industrial development as external force, and the spatial aggregation force of “human-earth relations” system evolution of rural tourism as spatial force, the industrial linkage mechanism of rural tourism and the path choice of rural vitalization were analyzed. From the micro, meso and macro perspectives, tourism industry linkage effects were analyzed, which is theoretically not only helpful to broaden the research horizon of “tourism human-earth relations”, but also to promote the depth and precision of rural vitalization research. In practice, scientific basis and new applying modes are provided for implementing rural vitalization strategy and solving poverty alleviation in Wuling Mountainous Area.Evolution of the rural vitalization promoted by rural tourism in Wuling Mountainous Area. Taking resources as the internal driving force, policies and industrial development as external force, and spatial aggregation force of rural tourism system evolution as spatial force, the industrial linkage mechanism of rural tourism and the path choice of rural vitalization were analyzed. From the micro, meso and macro perspectives, tourism industry linkage effects were analyzed, which is theoretically not only helpful to broaden the research horizon of “tourism human-earth relations”, but also to promote the depth and precision of rural vitalization research. In practice, scientific basis and new applying modes are provided for implementing rural vitalization strategy and solving poverty alleviation in Wuling Mountainous Area.

乡村旅游与乡村振兴为贫困地区脱贫致富带来重大机遇的同时也带来新的要求和挑战。大力发展乡村旅游推动乡村振兴，科学引导产业联动，解决如何脱贫与寻找乡村振兴合理发展模式，是中国贫困地区的重大现实需求和重要科学命题。本课题从资源整合、产业聚集和空间效应视角，构建旅游资源时空演化、旅游产业空间自相关、旅游本底趋势、旅游产业空间溢出效应等模型，借助GIS平台，运用计量分析和空间分析，系统地分析武陵山片区乡村旅游推动乡村振兴的产业联动逻辑、时空演化过程与特征。以资源为内在动力，政策、产业发展等为外部动力，以乡村旅游人地关系系统演化的空间聚集力为空间力，分析乡村旅游产业联动机制及乡村振兴的路径选择。从微观、中观和宏观视角分析乡村旅游推动乡村振兴的产业联动效应，理论上有助于开拓旅游人地关系研究视野，并推进乡村振兴研究深度和精度，实践上为案例地实施乡村振兴战略和解决脱贫问题提供科学依据和新的应用模式。

大力发展乡村旅游，探寻乡村旅游助推乡村振兴的机制及其助推效应是中国广大乡村实现脱贫攻坚向乡村全面振兴有效衔接的重大现实需求和重要科学命题。.本项目运用最邻近指数、核密度估计值、空间自相关等空间分析方法，在Python语境下构建决策树模型，探寻武陵山片区乡村旅游资源时空分异特征。运用熵值法、时间序列法、耦合模型、空间杜宾模型，借助ArcGIS10.3、Stata14.0等分析软件，从微观、中观、宏观角度评价了乡村旅游推动乡村振兴的产业联动效应，探寻了其影响因素及实现路径。.研究发现：（1）武陵山片区乡村旅游资源（地），由单一农家乐发展到以农业休闲型、民俗人文型、特色民族村寨等多类型且呈规模化集群化开发趋势。具有“亲景”“沿线”“邻镇”特征。星级乡村民宿类资源分布呈“东聚西散、北多南少”状态。（2）乡村旅游助推乡村振兴的微观尺度效应测评，验证了案例地湘西十八洞村在居民生计资本、乡村治理结构、民俗文化保护、产业结构、自然生态环境等方面具有正效应作用。以张家界市为案例地中观测度，揭示了乡村旅游与乡村振兴耦合协调经历了重度失调-中度失调-轻度失调-边缘失调-微弱协调-初级协调阶段的历程。对武陵山片区71个县区的宏观尺度测评，实证检验了乡村旅游对乡村农业经济、乡村就业、乡村设施方面有空间溢出效应，由贵州-湖南-湖北-重庆逐渐递减。（3）乡村旅游对乡村产业的联动类型、联动方式及联动途径是助推乡村振兴的关键机制。.此项目研究既为乡村旅游可持续发展提供了新视角、新材料、新案例，丰富乡村振兴发展理论，又为脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接提出破解之策，有重要科学价值和现实意义。