The cancer is a class of heavy disease which is closely associated genes. The key problem for the cancer therapy is to realize the early diagnosis. However, the bottleneck of early diagnosis for cancer based on genetic analysis is lack of accurate genetic markers. Based on the multiplex factors closely related to cancer generation and development, we want to study the early diagnosis of cancers by using multiplex genetic markets, including the genetic mutation and methylation of the critical genes, and related messenger RNA, and microRNAs. Meanwhile, we will also study and establish a platform for analysis of genetic mutation, DNA methylation, messenger RNA, and microRNA by using ligation-based exponentially isothermal amplification of nucleic acids. With the analysis platform, the detection of multiplex genetic markers should be easily accomplished with simple instruments. The sensitivity should well meet the need for analysis of clinical samples, and the selectivity is enough to efficiently discriminate the single base difference in the sequences of nucleic acids. By using the analysis platform, we will determine the suitable genetic markers for early diagnosis of cancers through comparison of the different levels of various genetic markers between the cancer cells and the normal cells. The determined genetic marker will be further confirmed with the clinical diagnosis. Finally, we will develop the reagent kit under self-owned intellectual property for diagnosis of cancers.
癌症是一类与基因密切相关的重大疾病,其治疗的关键是实现早期诊断。利用基因分析进行癌症早期诊断的瓶颈是没有确证的基因标志物。根据与癌症发生、发展密切相关的多种因素,本项目提出以关键基因的突变、甲基化及相关的mRNA与microRNA作为综合的基因标志物研究癌症的早期诊断。同时本项目拟基于DNA探针连接形成的等温指数扩增反应,创新性地研究建立适合于基因突变、甲基化及mRNA、microRNA检测的分析技术平台。该分析技术仪器简单、操作方便,灵敏度达到能完全满足实际临床样品分析的水平;选择性达到有效检测单碱基差别核酸序列的水平。应用该项新技术,通过检测癌细胞与正常细胞中各种基因标志物的差别,确立适合癌症诊断的基因标志物;进一步通过实际临床诊断的检验,最后形成具有自主知识产权的癌症诊断试剂盒。
按照申请书所提出的研究任务,本研究项目以癌症相关的基因标志物(包括癌症相关的基因突变、DNA甲基化以及信使RNA(mRNA)和microRNA)为研究对象,基于特异性连接酶所催化的DNA探针连接反应、DNA探针创新性设计与修饰,解决了高特异性识别基因标志物单碱基差别的关键科学问题;利用对DNA探针连接产物的高效扩增反应(包括环介导等温核酸扩增(LAMP)、连接酶链式反应(LCR)、滚环扩增(RCA)、等温指数扩增(EXPAR)及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等),系统研究了各类基因标志物的分析方法。以基于连接酶反应的环介导等温扩增(Ligation-based LAMP)和连接酶链式反应 (LCR),研究实现了各类基因标志物的高灵敏度、高特异性分析检测,可检测低至10 aM的DNA目标物及100 aM的RNA目标物,可定量分析0.1%的基因突变、mRNA突变及DNA甲基化。所研究建立的分析方法仪器简单、操作简便,选择性和灵敏度能满足临床分析检测实际样品的要求;并将所建立的分析方法应用于各类癌细胞(包括乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌细胞)的实际样品分析,取得了满意的结果。在以上研究基础上,我们创新性地研究建立了基于单个微球的生物标志物分析平台,实现了基因、蛋白生物标志物的单分子、单细胞分析。根据近年来癌症标志物研究进展,该研究项目扩展到了mRNA剪接变体、RNA甲基化以及重要的癌症蛋白标志物(包括蛋白激酶、端粒酶、T4多聚磷酸激酶等)的高灵敏度、高选择性分析研究,取得了一系列创新性研究成果。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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