国家粮食安全新战略视角下谷物生产支持政策体系研究

To guarantee cereals self-sufficiency and rations safety-absolute is the core task of China's new national food security strategy. After reviewing the development process of support policies to promoting cereals production, this programme evaluates and analyzes the effect of China's currently agricultural support policies for cereals by OECD PSE methodology (Producer Support Estimates) and WTO DS methodology (Domestic Support) as well as discussing the polices' issues and challenges. Furthermore, to solute the problem of "Who plant cereals" and "How to planting cereals", this programme studies the theory logic and develoment orientation for cereals production between the government support and market mechanism, household operation and diversified operation, traditional operation by intensive-meticulous and modern operation by technology-equipment and social service, high yield high efficiency and resource ecology sustainable, etc. It also studies the responsibility devision and institutional arrangements for food security between the central government and the local government, the main producing areas and the main sales areas. After then, this programme explores how to resolve market-distorted and other issues of currently support policies, as well as how to innovate integrated support measures to improve the degree of market and organization for cereals operations, in the perspective of innovation grain operation system, arousing the enthusiasm of production for agricultural operation entity and arousing the enthusiasm of local government working for cereals production. Bases on analysis, this programme constructs the institutional framework and policy system for support cereals production under the new national food security strategy.

本项目围绕新形势下"确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全"这一国家粮食安全"新"战略的核心任务，首先梳理我国粮食生产支持政策的演进历程，运用经济合作与发展组织的生产者支持估计、世界贸易组织的农业国内支持估计评估政策实施效果，进一步探讨政策运行中的问题和挑战。其次，针对今后谷物"谁来种"、"怎样种"突出问题，探讨政府支持与市场机制、家庭经营与多种经营、传统精耕细作与现代物质技术装备和社会化服务、高产高效与资源生态永续利用等之间逻辑关系及发展取向；针对粮食安全责任与分工，探讨中央与地方、主产区与主销区的责任分工及其制度安排。最后，从创新谷物经营体系、调动农业经营主体谷物生产积极性和地方政府抓粮积极性等多维视角，研究如何解决现行政策的市场扭曲等问题，如何创新综合支持措施提高谷物经营市场化和组织化程度。以此为基础，探索构建国家粮食安全新战略下中国谷物生产支持的制度框架和政策体系。

确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全对中国具有特殊的战略意义。本项目从国家粮食安全“新”战略这一视角探究现有谷物生产支持措施的政策效应、可能面临的问题和挑战，探讨相关政策改革完善的思路和路径，为进一步完善谷物支持保护的制度框架和政策体系提供参考。.研究认为，我国粮食安全面临农业资源和生态的约束日益增强，受市场与政策的影响日益突出，迫切需要建构新型大国粮食安全战略的全局观、可持续观和全球视野，并从提高粮食供给体系质量、竞争力和适应力，促进粮食绿色增长与农业资源永续利用，提高利用国际国内两个市场两种资源能力等方面进行制度安排和政策支持。现行“三项补贴”对提高玉米全要素生产率有积极的正向影响，也有助于提升粳稻的技术效率，是一种可选的补贴方式。而粮食最低收购价政策内涵和机制已有重大调整、实施环境也有重大变化，继续实施面临诸多新问题新挑战。建议按照“稳定构架、增强弹性、改革机制”思路和“托底收购+价补分离”路径推进最低收购价政策的改革完善。其中，“稳定构架”是保持最低收购价政策构架的基本稳定，给种粮农民吃“定心丸”；“增强弹性”指粮价既可升、也能降，政策既要及时启动，也要适时退出；“改革机制”指改革最低收购价政策的功能与机制，由既保供给又保增收的托市机制调整回归至兜底保障、解决卖粮难的托底机制。.依托本研究项目发表学术论文30篇，其中CSSCI（CSCD）&中文核心期刊论文18篇，中文核心期刊论文5篇，CSSCI扩展期刊论文1篇；内参刊载标注资助的研究报告7篇，其他内参报告7篇，3篇得到时任国务院领导人肯定性批示，成为最低收购价政策改革完善的基本依据。主办2次全国性学术研讨会，参加国际学术研讨会6场11人次，特邀报告或分组报告10人次。培养硕士毕业5人，荣获黔灵学者、贵州省哲学社科学术带头人、省级创新团队核心成员、薛暮桥价格研究奖等荣誉。