风险视角下农业生产环节外包服务需求、效率与政策研究

Massive rural labor flowing into non-farm sectors has caused significant ageing and feminization of agricultural labor and a steady increase in part-time farming, negatively affecting China's food production. Crop production services can substitute family labor, playing an important role in promoting agricultural productivity. Unlike manufacturing, agriculture is often characterized by a long cropping period and indefinite relations between inputs and outputs in agricultural production. Thus, production services in agriculture sectors often face a serious moral hazard problem due mainly to the difficulty of monitoring quality of services. The potential issue of moral hazard may impede the development of China's agricultural production services. The overall goal of the proposed study is to understand key challenges of China's crop production services to help policy makers promote the development of agricultural production services. To achieve this goal, this study would use data from a large-scaled household survey to empirically investigate the effect of crop production services on agricultural production efficiency, to measure famers' risk attitudes and risk perception on certain production services, and to examine the impact of risk attitudes and perceptions on their demands for production services. Results of the proposed study would have important policy implications. They would help Chinese governments better reform public support system for agricultural production services, effectively promote agricultural production efficiency, and further enhance the national food security of China.

随着大量农村劳动力向非农部门转移，农业劳动力老年化和女性化，农业经营兼业化已对我国粮食生产构成负面影响。生产环节外包服务能够替代家庭劳动力，提高农业生产率，在粮食生产中发挥着不可替代的作用。然而农业生产周期长，投入和产出关系不明确等特点导致农业生产性服务存在严重的道德风险，阻碍了我国农业生产性服务业的健康发展。为明确发展我国农业生产环节外包服务的基本条件，探讨保障农业生产环节外包服务健康发展的政策措施，本研究基于风险视角，全面评估风险条件下生产环节外包服务对农业生产效率的影响，分析农民风险偏好及其对生产性服务的风险认知，厘清农户风险偏好和认知对生产环节外包服务需求与选择的影响,研究科学的农业生产性服务发展战略和政策支持体系。研究结果有助于合理引导农业经营方式转变，提高农业生产的专业化水平，促进农业生产效率的提升，对保障我国未来粮食生产安全水平具有重要的现实意义。

随着大量农村劳动力向非农部门转移，农业劳动力老年化，农业经营兼业化已对我国粮食生产构成负面影响。农业生产环节外包服务能够替代家庭劳动力，提高农业生产率，在粮食生产中发挥着不可替代的作用。基于风险视角，课题全面评估风险条件下生产环节外包服务对农业生产效率的影响，分析农民风险偏好及其对生产性服务的风险认知，厘清农户风险偏好和认知对生产环节外包服务需求与选择的影响，剖析了病虫害统防统治服务的发展及其对农业生产的影响。依据研究结果，探索了进一步完善我国农业生产性服务发展的战略和政策支持体系。课题组按照计划开展了一系列研究，顺利完成了各项任务，取得了丰富的研究成果。已截止目前，已完成并在《Food Policy》，《China Economic Review》，《China Agricultural Economic Review》等英文SSCI收录期刊发表论文5篇；在《中国农村经济》，《农业经济问题》，《农业技术经济》等国内中文核心期刊公开发表论文4篇。基于课题组在江苏，河南，黑龙江等地开展的农户实地调研，初步建立了一套关于我国农业生产转型和生产环节外包服务发展的数据库，为后续长期跟踪研究奠定了扎实的数据基础。