豫西滑动构造区“三软”煤层瓦斯地质灾害成因及动力性机制

The gasbrust of "three soft"(soft top, soft bottom, soft coal)coal seam in sliding tectonic areas of Western Henan is very serious geological disaster. This project using theory and method of engineering geology, gas geology, tectonics, rock test and the computer simulation, in order to do systematically study on the causes、spatiotemporal regularity and its controlling factors of the coal and gas outburst under the opening structural conditions. Identify the deformation characteristics of tectonic coal and the roof in the region; Establish the control mode of the gas generation conditions; Reveal the ways and laws of soft coal (rock) and gas outburst which in the fault zones; Build the gas forecasting model in sliding tectonic area. The coupling characteristics of plastic softening properties and the rheological property of "three soft" coal seam as the entry point, Focusing on the research of rock failure, gas migration and dynamic interaction mechanism in"three soft" coal mining conditions. This project are of great significance to reveal the causes of the sliding structure of major gas geological disasters and explore the comprehensive utilization of the hypotonic hard pumping coal seams gas.

"三软"（软顶、软底、软煤）煤层瓦斯突出是豫西滑动构造区十分严重的地质灾害。本项目运用工程地质学、瓦斯地质学、构造地质学、岩石试验和计算机模拟等理论与方法，对开放式构造条件下煤与瓦斯突出的成因、时空规律及控制因素开展系统深入研究。查明区内构造煤与构造岩顶板的变形特征；确立区内瓦斯生成条件的构造控制模式；揭示断层带软煤（岩）与瓦斯突出的方式与规律；建立滑动构造区瓦斯预测模型。以"三软"煤层塑性软化性能与流变性能的耦合特征为切入点，着重研究"三软"矿区开采条件下，岩体破裂、瓦斯运移及二者相互作用的动力性机制。本项目对于揭示滑动构造区重大瓦斯地质灾害的成因及探讨低渗难抽煤层的瓦斯综合利用皆具有重大意义。

针对豫西滑动构造区瓦斯地质灾害问题的特殊性与严重性，依托国家自然科学基金面上项目，运用工程地质学、瓦斯地质学、构造地质学、岩石试验和计算机模拟等理论与方法，阐明了软煤动力变质作用的表象与机理，完善了瓦斯“应力生成”的构造控制模式；根据岩石力学试验结果，建立了“三软”煤层瓦斯延期突出的分析模型，以及瓦斯突出对巷道围岩损伤的动力学模型；应用计算机模拟技术，揭示了瓦斯在软煤介质中的运移规律与突出条件。在上述理论研究的基础上，探讨了“三软”矿区瓦斯抽放主要施工技术参数的确定方法。研究成果对于复杂地质条件下的瓦斯地质灾害防治，以及低渗煤层的瓦斯综合利用皆具有重大意义。