豫西滑动构造带综放采动致灾机理与控制技术研究

Sliding tectonics, an emerging tectonics type, consisting of sliding face, sliding body and bottom, is categorized into normal fault of rupture tectonics. Zhengzhou Ludian sliding tectonics is situated westward of Chaoyanggou River with sliding body and bottom strata being reversely dipped. Mining-induced stresses resulting from fully mechanized sub-level caving mining take place, and strata displacement and surface subsidence exhibit abnormal characteristics which are worthwhile studying. This study, grounded in sliding face, sliding reversed cap rock, bottom II-1 coal seam and floor features, delineates the dynamic causes quantitatively on fully mechanized sub-level caving mining-induced equilibrium equation of reversed cap rock, "Three Zones" space formation above gob and stress transferring and relaying mechanism of "Three Zones" under the floor, reveals the mutational surface subsidence mechanism, prediction methods and parameters, and concludes the sliding tectonics that results in fully mechanized sub-level caving mining -induced stress mechanism and control technology. This research will render crucial theoretical reference for safely mining the coal reserves impacted by West Henan sliding tectonics and play a pivotal role to cope with challenge like coal methane, water-outburst disaster and mutational surface subsidence when it comes to anti-dipped cap rock coal mining.

滑动构造属于断裂构造中正断层的范畴，属于新兴构造模型，其基本要素包括滑面、滑体和底盘。郑州芦店滑动构造区朝阳沟河以西地层，滑体倾向与和底盘地层（二1煤层）相对而倾，综采放顶煤开采中矿山压力显现、岩层移动与地表沉陷等特征异常，需要深入研究。本研究从滑面、滑体反倾覆岩和底盘二1煤层与底板特征入手，对综采放顶煤致灾动力源进行定量描述，研究反倾覆岩的采动平衡方程、采空区上“三带”空间形态和底板下“三带”应力传递与转移规律，研究地表沉陷突变机理及地表沉陷预计方法和参数，揭示滑动构造带综放采动的致灾机理及控制技术。本研究将为豫西滑动构造带下煤炭资源安全开采提供必要的理论支持，成为解决覆岩反倾区开采时治理矿井瓦斯、突水灾害和地表沉陷突变等问题的根本抓手。

综合运用现代数学、岩体力学和地表沉陷理论，采用理论分析、实验室模拟和现场测试的手段进行项目研究。.（1）对告成煤矿滑面进行了3D建模，按照MT554-1996《缓倾斜煤层采煤工作面顶板分类》标准对顶板进行分类，建立了25采区的GMS三维地质模型，揭示了区域地下岩层的空间分布情况。采用空心包体应力解除法，在二1煤层底板的L7灰岩中进行了两个测点的原位地应力测试，获得了准确的区域地应力大小和方向。.（2）揭示了滑动构造带反倾覆岩的失稳破坏过程和机制，根据“叠合悬臂梁”计算模型，得到了滑动构造带上反倾覆岩的失稳破坏判据。分析顶底板运动的时空演化，得到工作面前方支承压力的峰值在煤8.0m左右，超前影响区的范围分别约30.0m左右；采动底板最大破坏深度不超过11.0m，影响深度约为15.0m，为覆岩反倾区顶、底板水的治理和瓦斯抽采提供了科学依据。.（3）得到了告成煤矿综采放顶煤开采岩移参数和地表沉陷规律，发现并验证了地表最大下沉点的位置与反倾覆岩倾角有关，首次提出覆岩反倾区走向最大下沉角的概念。研究得到综放开采地表沉陷的角量参数和概率积分法预计参数等。以GMS三维地质模型为基础，采用CDEM进行数值模拟验证了该三维地质模型的科学性，反演得到一套数值模拟的岩石力学参数。.