可更换连梁-自复位剪力墙可恢复功能抗震结构研究

Coupled shear walls are widely employed as lateral-force-resisting-systems in tall buildings. However, the earthquake damage at home and abroad indicates that strong earthquakes will cause serious damage to coupling beams and even leads to greater damage to wall limbs in conventional coupled shear walls. Moreover, the repairs are difficult or expensive in post-earthquake event. This project will propose replaceable coupling beams-self-centering shear walls to realize earthquake resilience for coupled shear walls. The replaceable coupling beams can make the damage and energy dissipation concentrate in the replaceable fuse, and the damage of self-centering walls can be reduced by controlled rocking and energy dissipation of replaceable device. Firstly, the replaceable fuse and the replaceable device will be comprehensively studied, and their corresponding restoring force model and damage index will be established. Secondly, the behavior of the coupling beams-self-centering shear walls, such as the damage evolution law and replaceability, are to be investigated. In addition, the further research on the new structural systems will be implemented after the replacement of the damaged components. Finally, through seismic vulnerability analysis, the performance-based seismic design goal, seismic design index system and the corresponding levels for the new systems will be put forward. This project will provide scientific support to the realization of the resilience of the coupled shear wall building structures after strong earthquakes, having significance.

联肢剪力墙结构是目前高层建筑广泛采用的抗侧力体系，但近年来国内外发生的几次强震震害表明，传统联肢剪力墙结构在强震时不仅连梁会遭到严重破坏，甚至墙肢也会产生较大程度的损伤，震后不易修复或代价昂贵。本项目提出可更换连梁-自复位剪力墙可恢复功能抗震结构，使强震时连梁的损伤和耗能集中在可更换连梁保险丝，自复位剪力墙通过受控摇摆反应和可更换墙肢耗能装置的耗能减轻墙体损伤，以期实现震后快速恢复结构正常使用功能。拟对连梁保险丝和墙肢耗能装置展开研究，并建立相应的恢复力模型和损伤程度评定指标；研究可更换连梁-自复位剪力墙的损伤演化规律，验证耗能构件的可更换性，研究更换受损构件后结构的抗震性能；通过可更换连梁-自复位剪力墙结构的地震易损性分析，建立其性能化抗震设计目标、指标体系和分级标准，提出其性能化抗震设计方法。本项目的实施为保障联肢剪力墙结构在强震后快速恢复其使用功能提供科学支撑，具有重要意义。

传统联肢剪力墙结构在强震时不仅连梁会遭到严重破坏，甚至墙肢也会产生较大程度的损伤，震后不易修复或代价昂贵。本项目提出可更换连梁-自复位剪力墙可恢复功能抗震结构，使强震时连梁的损伤和耗能集中在可更换连梁阻尼器，自复位剪力墙通过受控摇摆反应和墙肢耗能装置的耗能减轻墙体损伤，以期实现震后快速恢复结构正常使用功能。本项目研发了三种连梁阻尼器和两种墙肢耗能装置，连梁阻尼器包括一种高阻尼黏弹性阻尼器、一种复合型阻尼器和一种分级屈服型金属阻尼器，可更换墙肢耗能装置包括一种大变形环形金属阻尼器和一种分级屈服型金属阻尼器。依托本项目对连梁阻尼器和墙肢耗能装置进行了深入和全面的抗震性能试验、数值模拟和理论分析，提出了各自的恢复力模型和设计方法。研究表明高阻尼黏弹性阻尼器的力学性能稳定，剪切应变可达500%而未发生破坏，表明其具有强大的变形能力且耗能性能良好；复合型消能器兼具位移型阻尼器与速度型阻尼器的减震优点，小变形时，黏弹性阻尼器发挥主要的耗能作用，O型钢板金属阻尼器为结构提供较大的附加刚度，大变形时，二者协同工作，共同耗能；新型环形金属阻尼器能够实现多截面屈服，有效避免屈服位置集中的现象，变形性能和抗疲劳性能极为出色，滞回环饱满稳定，具有优良和可靠的耗能性能；分级屈服型金属阻尼器有效实现了分级屈服的功能，内环在较小的设计位移下屈服，外环在较大的设计位移下屈服，并和内环一起耗能，有效增强了阻尼器在不同设计位移的耗能性能。提出了可更换连梁的实用设计方法，并已成功应用在工程实践中。进行了可更换连梁-自复位剪力墙的整体墙片的抗震性能非线性分析和试验，研究表明，可更换连梁的损伤集中在了可更换连梁阻尼器，自复位剪力墙的损伤集中在可更换耗能装置，整体结构的残余变形小，有利于震后的修复或更换。本项目的实施为保障联肢剪力墙结构在强震后快速恢复其使用功能提供科学和技术支撑，具有重要科学意义和实用价值。