TMT异质性对企业双元性协同创新影响机制：基于战略网络导向与协同学习两维视角

Along with the increasing technical complexity and innovation uncertainty, the inherent innovative power for most of manufacturing firms is very weak because of their weak R&D capabilities, and difficulty in access to resources. Moreover, the cognitive-sidedness of top management team (TMT) and lack of strategic network orientation separate the interaction of collaborative innovation inside and outside the firms, and result in the "ambidextrous paradox" in the process of chosen for innovation strategy. Thus, under the complex and dynamic environment, firms are needed urgently to have the capability of ambidextrous collaborative innovation which collaborate both from the internal and cross-border perspectives. However, there is still a lack of research on collaborative innovation from the perspective of TMT diversity and ambidextrous theory. Therefore, the ambidextrous theory will be applied to the research of collaborative innovation of firms. At first, the construct dimension of ambidextrous collaborative innovation is explored by the methods of case study and grounded theory. Then, the balance mechanism of ambidextrous collaborative innovation of firms is analyzed. In addition, based on the questionnaires form the manufacturing firms of the Yangtze River Delta, the impact mechanisms of TMT diversity on ambidextrous collaborative innovation of firms is analyzed from the perspectives of strategic networks orientations and collaborative learning, and the intervention path and adaptation policies are proposed to achieve the ambidextrous collaborative innovation of firms. This study constructs the theoretical framework of ambidextrous collaborative innovation of firms, and expands the theoretical research collaborative innovation. Meanwhile, it provides a theoretical basis for improving the collaborative innovation of firms and guiding the government to develop innovation policies.

随着技术复杂性及创新不确定性加剧，很多制造业企业因其研发能力弱、资源获取难等约束，内在创新动力严重不足。而高管团队认知片面化以及战略网络导向缺失割裂了协同创新在企业内外的互动，导致了创新战略选择的"双元悖论"；由此，复杂的动态环境迫切需要企业同时具备内部协同以及跨界协同的双元性协同创新能力。然而已有研究尚缺乏从TMT异质性和双元性理论视角对协同创新的诠释。由此，本研究将双元性理论应用于企业协同创新研究中，通过案例访谈与扎根理论探索双元性协同创新的构念维度，剖析企业双元性协同创新的作用机理与平衡机制，并通过对长三角制造业企业的问卷调查，从战略网络导向与协同学习视角挖掘TMT异质性对企业双元性协同创新的影响机制，据此提出实现企业双元性协同创新的干预路径与适配性政策。该研究构建了企业双元性协同创新的理论架构，拓展了协同创新的理论研究；同时为指导企业协同创新以及政府创新政策制定提供理论依据。

随着技术的复杂性和创新的不确定性加剧，很多制造业企业因其研发能力弱、资源获取难等固有约束，内在创新动力严重不足。而高管团队认知片面化以及战略导向缺失割裂了协同创新在企业内外的互动，导致了创新战略选择的“双元悖论”；由此，复杂的动态环境迫切需要企业同时具备内部协同以及跨界协同的双元性协同创新能力。然而，已有研究尚缺乏从TMT异质性和双元性理论视角对协同创新的系统诠释。由此，本研究将双元性理论应用于企业协同创新研究中，通过案例访谈与扎根理论构建了双元性协同创新的构念维度，并运用协同创新和组织双元等理论，构建了复杂动态环境下，TMT异质性—战略导向—协同学习—双元性协同创新的逻辑模型，并以长三角制造业企业为对象进行实证研究，从战略导向与协同学习视角剖析了TMT异质性对企业双元性协同创新的影响机理。. 由此，形成以下主要研究结果和科学意义：第一，运用扎根理论对中国情景下的双元性协同创新、TMT异质性、战略导向和协同学习等关键变量的概念维度进行了开发和测度，由此拓展了协同创新与双元性理论的融合研究。第二，系统构建了双元性协同创新的平衡机制，包括双重结构设置、平衡耦合机制、平衡协调机制以及平衡驱动机制等，深化了协同创新的理论研究。第三，全面挖掘了TMT异质性对双元性协同创新的多重传导机制。研究结果揭示：TMT异质性对双元性协同创新有直接显著的正向影响；战略导向和协同学习在TMT异质性与双元性协同创新之间发挥中介传导作用；该研究结论揭示了TMT异质性与企业双元性协同创新关系之间的“理论黑箱”，完善了双元性协同创新的理论架构。第四，系统识别了TMT异质性对双元性协同创新的边界条件。研究结果揭示：环境动态性对战略导向、协同学习与企业双元性协同创新的关系有显著的调节作用；该研究结论从环境动态性视角识别了TMT异质性向双元性协同创新转化的边界条件，拓展了协同创新的理论外延。