中小企业开放式创新生态系统种群演化与平衡机理研究：生态重塑视角

As the complexity and integration of technological innovation intensify greatly, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are characterized by many dilemmas including the shortage of inherent innovation capacities and the difficulties in transformation and upgrading because of their weak R&D capabilities and difficult access to resources. However, the failure for cooperation network further fragmented the effectiveness of open innovation, leading to open innovation still in the stage of “Ideal is wonderful, but reality is depressed”. Thus, constructing an open innovative ecosystem has become an effective strategy for SMEs to solve the plight that they faced and to create a win-win open innovation relationship. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive interpretation and analyses of innovation ecosystems from the perspective of population ecology. Therefore, based on the theories of population ecology and open innovation, this study constructs a comprehensive theory of open innovative ecosystem of SMEs, and reveals the evolution law and balance mechanism of open innovative ecosystems from the perspective of ecological remodeling. Moreover, this study puts forward relevant reshaping paths and policies which can help SMEs to realize the balance of open innovative ecosystems based on the empirical analysis of SMEs in the Yangtze River Delta and case studies. Overall, the study constructs the theoretical framework of open innovation ecosystem of SMEs, expands the theoretical research of innovation ecosystem, and provides the theoretical basis for guiding the open innovation of SMEs and the industrial policies of government.

随着技术创新复杂性和融合性加剧，中小企业因其研发能力弱、资源获取难等约束，面临内在创新动力不足、转型升级艰难等多重困境。而产学研合作断层失效等现实背景进一步割裂了开放式创新的有效性，导致开放式创新仍处于“理想丰满、现实骨感”阶段。由此，构建开放式创新生态系统成为解决中小企业困境、打造双赢的开放式创新关系的有效战略。然而，已有研究尚缺乏从种群生态学视角对创新生态系统的综合诠释。由此，本课题运用种群生态学和开放式创新理论，从生态重塑视角，构建中小企业开放式创新生态系统理论体系，揭示开放式创新生态系统种群演化规律，挖掘开放式创新生态系统平衡机理，并通过对长三角中小企业的实证分析、案例回溯与案例追踪研究，提出实现中小企业开放式创新生态系统平衡的重塑路径与适配性政策。该研究构建了企业开放式创新生态系统的理论架构，拓展了创新生态系统的理论研究，同时为企业实施开放式创新以及政府产业政策制定提供理论依据。

随着技术创新复杂性和融合性加剧，中小企业面临内在创新动力不足、转型升级艰难等多重困境。而产学研合作断层进一步割裂了开放式创新的有效性。由此，构建开放式创新生态系统成为打造双赢的开放式创新关系的有效战略。然而，已有研究尚缺乏从种群生态学视角对创新生态系统的综合诠释。由此，本课题运用种群生态学和开放式创新理论，揭示开放式创新生态系统种群演化规律，挖掘开放式创新生态系统平衡机理，并通过对长三角中小企业实证分析提出实现中小企业开放式创新生态系统平衡的重塑路径与适配性政策。. 本课题主要产生如下研究结果和科学意义：第一，本课题基于生态学、开放式创新理论，界定了中小企业开放式创新生态系统的内涵和特征，诠释了中小企业开放式创新生态系统的种群结构和共生关系，构建了中小企业开放式创新生态系统的理论架构，由此拓展了开放式创新与创新生态系统的理论融合研究。第二，本课题从创新物种和创新群落视角，动态刻画和模拟了中小企业开放式创新生态系统的种群演化过程，从序参量维度剖析和诠释了中小企业开放式创新生态系统的平衡机理，由此深化了开放式创新生态系统的理论研究。第三，系统揭示了中小企业开放式创新生态系统平衡机理的多重传导机制。研究结果从探索式/利用式创新、外部知识获取/内部吸收能力及内部研发/研发外包三个双元平衡机理视角，揭示了创新生态战略与创新生态效率关系之间的“理论黑箱”，由此，完善了中小企业开放式创新生态系统平衡机理的理论架构，丰富了开放式创新生态系统的理论研究。第四，全面识别了中小企业开放式创新生态系统平衡机理的边界条件。研究结果从创新生态环境、创新生态位、生态网络密度等多维视角识别了中小企业开放式创新生态系统平衡机理的情景机制，由此拓展了开放式创新生态系统研究的理论外延。此外，研究结果为中小企业构建开放式创新生态系统及政府制定创新政策提供理论依据。