我国东南沿海典型生境冈比亚藻种类组成及地理分布特征研究

HABs in benthic system (BHABs) represented by species in Genus Gambierdiscus have been increased rapidly under the background of global change and human activities. BHABs has detrimental effects on human health and marine ecosystem and become research priority of HAB science nowadays. Very limited studies have been done on the morphology and genetics for Gambierdiscus so far although China has rich diversity of marine habitats. On the basis of our previous work, samples will be taken by using vacuum collection，artificial, macroalgal substrates as well as other means. The targeted species and strains will be isolated and cultured in lab condition. Various means such as normal light microcopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, SEM and TEM will be employed for morphological study. The molecular identification will be also performed by amplifying and sequencing for specific genes. The biogeographic distribution pattern of Gambierdiscus in China will be constructed, which will also be contributed to improving global distributive pattern of these important species. The information of cell density of targeted species will be obtained from field data by using microscopic counting and FQ-PCR method. The expected finding from this project will be significant for future monitoring capacity building. It will also be beneficial for revising the national standard of marine biological investigation in the future.

在全球变化与人类活动影响背景下，近二十年来以冈比亚藻为代表的底栖附生毒藻引发的底栖有害藻华事件呈现快速增长态势，对人类生命健康与海洋生态安全构成严重威胁，成为当今全球有害藻华科学界的研究热点。我国拥有丰富多样化海洋生境，但对底栖附生冈比亚藻形态与分子特征研究甚少，本项目在前期预研究基础上，选择我国东南沿海典型生境，采用真空吸附、人工基质、大型藻基质多种手段采集样品，运用传统的光学显微镜、共聚焦激光显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜形态学方法结合多种分子生物学技术等分析方法，对分布于我国海区多种生境的冈比亚藻进行形态及分子鉴定，构建其在中国沿海生物地理分布特征，建立我国海区冈比亚藻优势种荧光实时定量PCR检测技术，结合经典显微镜定量分析，揭示目标藻的时空分布特征，进而充实完善冈比亚藻的全球分布格局，为未来此类底栖藻华的监测与预警探索可参考的采样方法，并为以后修订我国海洋生物调查相关条款奠定科学基础。

在全球变化与人类活动影响背景下，近二十年来以冈比亚藻为代表的底栖附生毒藻引发的底栖有害藻华事件呈现快速增长态势，对人类生命健康与海洋生态系统安全构成严重威胁，成为当今全球有害藻华科学界的研究热点之一。我国拥有丰富多样化海洋生境，但先前对底栖附生冈比亚藻研究甚少。本项目运用传统形态学方法结合分子生物学技术等分析方法，经过四年的研究，发现一个新种，两个新纪录种，并对我国南部海域冈比亚藻种类多样性进行了整合分析，勾画了其在中国南部沿海的生物地理分布特征，对采集于中太平洋岛国基里巴斯和马来西亚的20株冈比亚藻进行了详尽的形态、分子及毒素分析，确定Gambierdiscus sp. type 6为巴莱什冈比亚藻并研究其生物地理分布，充实完善了冈比亚藻的全球分布格局，本项目的成果不仅为未来有毒甲藻的深化研究而且为此类底栖甲藻藻华的监测与预警奠定了科学基础。