中国东海沿海典型生境浮游及底栖原甲藻种类组成、系统发育及地理分布特征研究

Prorocentrum is a kind of dinoflagellate with cosmopolitan distribution. Many species of Prorocentrum can produce the diarrhetic shellfish poison (DSP), which can enter the food web through the prey of fish and shellfish. So far, there are many studies only on serval main species of Prorocentrum, such as Prorocentrum donghaiense (pelagic) and Prorocentrum lima (benthic). To this big genus with about 80 species, it is apparently that there is not sufficient on the study of Prorocentrum biodiversity and geographical distribution. Based on our previous work, samples will be taken by collecting the surface water and using vacuum collection, artificial substrates as well as other methods. The targeted species and strains will be isolated and cultured in lab condition. Normal light microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope, SEM and TEM will be used for morphological study. The molecular identification will be also performed by amplifying and sequencing for specific genes. The biogeographic distribution pattern of Prorocentrum in typical coastal habitats of East China Sea will be constructed, which will also be contributed to improving global distributive pattern of these important species. In addition, it will be beneficial for further study on deep research of marine biotic resources, maintaining marine ecosystem health and monitoring or early warning of HABs.

原甲藻（Prorocentrum）是一类世界性分布的甲藻。许多原甲藻能够产生腹泻性贝类毒素（DSP），并通过鱼贝类摄食进入食物链，进而威胁人类健康。目前，我国仅对浮游生的东海原甲藻和底栖生的利玛原甲藻等少数几种原甲藻有较多研究，对于拥有80余种原甲藻的大属而言，其在我国的生物多样性与地理分布的相关研究却并不充分。本项目在前期预研究的基础上，选择我国东海沿海典型生境，通过对表层水及真空吸附与人工基质等多种手段采集的底栖样品中目标藻进行分离培养，运用光学显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描和透射电镜进行形态学与时空分布研究，并结合多种分子生物学技术分析，对分布于东海沿海多种生境的浮游及底栖原甲藻进行分子鉴定与系统发育学研究。进而构建原甲藻在我国东海沿海的时空与生物地理分布特征，充实完善原甲藻的全球分布格局，为今后深入了解我国海洋生物资源，维持海洋生态系统健康，以及研究藻华监测与预警等奠定科学基础。

原甲藻（Prorocentrum）是一类世界性分布的甲藻。全球已报道80余种。原甲藻是许多海区的赤潮原因种。许多原甲藻能够产生腹泻性贝类毒素（DSP），并通过鱼贝类摄食进入食物链，进而威胁人类健康。本项目对我国东海沿海典型生境，并比较国内其他部分沿海地区，进行了表层水与底栖样品的采集。通过对目标藻进行分离培养，成功获得稳定培养目标藻91株。运用光学显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜对培养株系进行形态学与时空分布研究，并结合多种分子生物学技术分析，对分布于已分离纯化的原甲藻进行分子鉴定与系统发育学研究。确认14个已知原甲藻种，分别为Prorocentrum concavum，Prorocentrum donghaiense，Prorocentrum elegans，Prorocentrum fukuyoi，Prorocentrum koreanum，Prorocentrum lima，Prorocentrum maculosum，Prorocentrum minimum，Prorocentrum micans，Prorocentrum minimum，Prorocentrum rhathymum，Prorocentrum sculptile，Prorocentrum triestinum，Prorocentrum tropicale等。确认Prorocentrum sculptile为中国海区新记录种，并发现疑似新种4-5株。初步构建原甲藻在我国东海等沿海典型生境的生物地理分布特征，充实完善原甲藻在亚洲乃至全球分布格局。为今后深入了解我国海洋生物资源，维持海洋生态系统健康，以及研究藻华监测与预警等奠定科学基础。