中国裸脚伞属分类学研究

The genus Gymnopus, a group of marasmoid fungi under Agaricales, plays an indispensable role in taxonomy of agarics. It is a kind of saprophytic or rarely facultatively parasitic fungi with cosmopolitan distribution and playing an essential role in protecting ecological balance; some Gymnopus species are important edible and medicinal fungi, such as Gymnopus confluens and G. androsaceus. Although about 300 taxa of this genus have been recorded, numerous taxonomic problems have existed and further study is needed to improve the taxonomic system. In China, only 18 species have been reported, and only a few studies have been scatteredly reported. Comprehensive systematic study has not been conducted. According to the previous investigations by the applicant’s team, China is species-rich in this kind of fungi and it is urgent to strengthen the related research.. . In this project a systematic taxonomic study on the Gymnopus from China will be carried out with classical taxonomic methods and molecular biological techniques. Both the new specimens widely collected from China and the old specimens deposited in the fungal herbaria are included in this study. The foci will be: 1) to re-examine and review all the known Gymnopus specimens from China; 2) to amend the misidentifications; 3) to discover the new species and new records to China; 4) to establish a taxonomic key to the Chinese Gymnopus taxa on the basis of the discoveries; and 5) to construct a phylogenetic system of Gymnopus and illustrate its phylogenetic importance and position among the agarics. The research results will be an important constituent part of the worldwide classification system of the genus Gymnopus, which will enrich the database of the worldwide species information and provide essential references for other scientific studies and sustainable utilization of the Chinese Gmnopus resources.

裸脚伞属是伞菌目中分类学上相当重要的一类皮伞状真菌。它们分布广泛，腐生或偶兼性寄生，在维护生态平衡中有着重要的作用，还包含有点地梅裸脚伞 (即安络小皮伞) 和条纹裸脚伞等重要食药用种类。目前全球已知该属约有300种，但分类学问题众多，分类系统亟待完善；迄今中国仅记载有18种，仅见于零散的报道，尚未系统研究。申请人等前期调查表明中国该属资源丰富，相关研究亟待加强。..本项目拟采用经典分类学方法结合分子生物学技术对中国该属真菌进行系统的分类学研究，在广泛收集新材料的基础上，对包括国内主要标本馆馆藏标本在内的所有材料进行全面的形态学和分子系统学研究，订正错误鉴定，发掘新种和新记录种，明确中国裸脚伞属的物种及分布特征，建立中国该属的分类检索表，构建裸脚伞属的分类系统，阐明其系统发育地位。研究结果将有助于完善该属世界分类系统和充实该属物种数据信息库，为其他科学研究及可持续开发利用奠定重要的科学基础。

裸脚伞属是担子菌中小皮伞状和金钱菌状真菌的重要成员，它们主要是腐生菌，在维持森林自然生态系统平衡中有着重要的作用，且已知一些种类具有重要食药用价值。但我国对裸脚伞属的研究报道较少，对它们的认识多是基于一些零散的报道，未曾开展过系统的研究。. 本项目对世界裸脚伞属真菌文献进行了系统收集，整理获得了比较完整的文献资料，包括裸脚伞属约280种的形态特征描述和部分种的形态照片，同时收集整理了文献报道中的中国种类资料；项目共采集中国标本400多号，拍摄生态照片近900张，获得ITS序列133条。. 通过形态学和分子生物学的研究方法，共鉴定出中国裸脚伞属38个种，包括已发新种1个、待发新种和中国新记录种14个。项目基于ITS序列数据，使用最大似然法构建了裸脚伞属及相近属的分子系统发育树，结果显示中国裸脚伞属物种多样性丰富和独特。. 本项目初步揭示了中国裸脚伞属的物种多样性情况，为该属的系统学研究及应用基础研究提供了科学资料。本项目发表相关论著13篇(部)，其中SCI论文9篇。