南岭国家级自然保护区大型真菌多样性研究

Nanling mountains constitute a boarder line between the climate environments of Yangtze River area in the north and Zhujiang River area in the south, which is a very important natural geographical dividing line. Nanling National Nature Reserve is located in the center of of Nanling mountains, and has various vegetation types of intact forests and great species diversities of flora and fauna. It is considered as an important origin and differentiation center for many endemic species of Nanling, and is a key area of international significance of biological diversity. However, the macrofungi there have not been systematically investigated until now, and only a few species have been known. Further investigation is needed. In this project, a systematic study will be made with morphological methods and modern molecular techniques（eg.DNA barcode）, including conducting field investigation, collecting the specimens and molecular materials, identifying the species precisely with molecular techniques combined with morphological taxonomic methods, discovering and reporting new species and new records or new taxa endemic to China, comprehensively clarifying the macrofungal diversity and analyzing the floristic composition in the reserve. The study results will provide the scientific basis for the studies of macrofungal diversity and cataloging; and they are also significant in accumulating the germplasm resources of macrofungi for the sustainable exploitation and protection, improving the academic level of studying fungal resources and fungal taxonomy in China.

南岭是我国长江流域与珠江流域不同气候的重要自然地理分界线，南岭国家级自然保护区位于南岭山脉中段,其森林植被类群丰富且保护完整，动植物种类丰富且具有众多以南岭为起源和分化中心的特有物种，是具有国际意义的陆地生物多样性关键地区，但该地区大型真菌资源仍缺少系统研究，已知种类不多，亟待深入调查研究。本项目拟对南岭国家级自然保护区进行系统和广泛的野外调查，收集标本、菌株和分子材料，采用形态学与分子生物学技术（如 DAN条形码）相结合的方法，对保护区内所采集的新材料进行分类鉴定，并复查已有标本和种类，发现与报道新种、新纪录种及我国特有分类群等，摸清南岭大型真菌多样性情况，分析其区系地理成分。研究结果将为南岭大型真菌多样性编目、可持续利用与保护等相关研究提供科学依据，为大型真菌资源的开发利用积累种质资源，提升我国真菌资源调查与分类学研究水平。

项目对南岭国家自然保护区及其它南岭区域内的大型真菌资源进行了野外调查考察，获得大型真菌标本5600余号、分子材料600余份；分离菌株100余株；拍摄生态照片16000余张。. 基于广泛野外考察和标本材料收集的基础上，依据经典分类学方法和权威文献资料，结合分子生物学技术，对标本材料进行了物种分类鉴定，发表新种14个、新组合种1个和中国新纪录种1个，同时还发现大量形态特征较为独特的种类，待进一步深入研究。. 对南岭及华南地区牛肝菌资源进行了系统分类学研究，发现南岭和华南地区牛肝菌科物种多样性丰富，已发现有32个属，近200余种，分别占我国牛肝菌已知属的 61.5%和已知种的40%，并在此基础上对牛肝菌科物种多样性和地理区系组成进行了初步分析，发现华南地区存在大量特有分布种类，地理分布特征明显，既有东南亚-东亚热带分布成分又有东亚亚热带特有分布特征。. 依据研究结果对南岭大型真菌物种进行了汇总和订正，参照Kirk et al.(2008)分类系统，编写了南岭大型真菌名录，把南岭大型真菌划分为12个区系类型，显示了南岭大型真菌区系与世界热带真菌区系有着广泛的联系。. 项目发表了研究论文14篇，其中SCI源论文13篇，出版专著1部；获授权国家发明专利1件，获贵州省科学技术奖三等奖1项。