新型自吸水式二维P/MoS2基复合光催化剂的设计及其吸水制氢性能研究

Hydrogen is one of the most suitable renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels. It has been widely used in the energy field, which has led to a growing demand for hydrogen energy. Photocatalytic water splitting is the most direct and effective way to convert solar energy into hydrogen energy by using photocatalyst, but it has encountered many problems in practical applications, such as sacrificial agents, pollution and precious metals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and design new ideas of photocatalytic water splitting. This project proposes and designs a novel preparation scheme of two-dimensional P/MoS2 composite photocatalyst with self-water-absorption performance. Through the preparation process to control the morphology and structure of the composite photocatalyst, and through the performance test feedback regulating multiple component proportion of composite materials, by means of in-depth study of absorbing water and hydrogen production mechanism of the composite photocatalyst, illustrates their mechanism of water absorption and photocatalytic water splitting. In hydrogen production, there is no need to add any sacrificial or precious metals, nor does it need to be dispersed in aqueous solutions for this kind of composite photocatalyst. In brief, the project provides a new design idea and practical basis for developing of environmental protection and high efficient photocatalyst, and brings some inspirations to the research field of hydrogenation of photocatalytic water splitting.

氢能是一种最适合替代化石燃料的可再生能源，它已经被广泛的应用于能源领域，这引起社会对氢能的需求越来越大。而利用光催化剂解水制氢把太阳能转换为氢能是一种最直接有效的方法,但是它在实际应用中遇见很多问题，如牺牲剂、污染和贵金属等问题。因此有必要研发设计新的光催化解水产氢思路。本项目提出并设计了一种新型的具有自吸水性能的二维P/MoS2基复合光催化剂的制备方案，通过制备过程来调控多元复合光催化剂的形貌和结构，通过性能测试来反馈调节复合材料的多元组分比例，通过对复合光催化剂的吸水和制氢机理的深入研究，阐明了它们的自吸水和光催化解水制氢机理。该方案提出并设计的这类复合光催化剂,在光解水制氢时既不需要添加任何牺牲剂和贵金属、也不需要分散于水溶液中，它为研制环保、高效的光催化剂提供了新的设计思路和实践基础，给光解水制氢等相关研究领域带来一些启发。

经济的飞速发展导致大量的传统化石燃料的消耗对环境的污染越来越严重，这严重影响了人们的生活环境。因此，寻找新的清洁能源来替代化石燃料变的极为迫切。由于氢能的制备主要来自于解离水，因而不像风能和太阳能一样受地域和天气的影响，从而受到研究者们的广泛关注。解离水制氢的方法主要有两种：一是电催化解离水制氢，二是光催化解离水制氢；然而电催化解离水本身就消耗电能，只有在特殊场合需要电能转换为氢能时才有应用价值；而光催化解离水制氢时，仅需要在太阳光照射下光催化剂就可以进行解离水制氢反应。因此，从节能的角度来讲，光催化解离水制氢更具有应用前景。.本项目提出并设计了具有自吸水性能的复合光催化剂（P/MoS2）的制备方案，首先剥离出原子层厚度的MoS2纳米片，研究不同实验条件对二维MoS2的尺寸、晶相和维度的影响，得出最佳的剥离制备条件；其次研究在不同实验条件下二维多晶黑磷纳米片的结构演化进程，得出最佳的黑磷制备条件；然后将原子层厚度的MoS2纳米片和多晶黑磷纳米片以不同方法进行复合，研究不同复合条件下对光催化剂形貌和结构的影响，得出最佳制备复合光催化剂的条件，进一步研究不同复合比例的光催化剂的产氢和产氧效果，得出最佳的制备条件和最佳的复合比例，为探讨和研究P/MoS2复合光催化剂的自吸水和光催化解水机理奠定理论和实验基础。