喀斯特石山灵长类的能量代谢进化适应对策

The animal adaptation to the habitat environment is always the survival fundament. The adaptation includes those of morphology, anatomy and physiology, which inherit through generation by generation with gene. Of the adaptation of physiology, energy budget and thermoregulation in certain environment are crucial. Karst limestone is special on topography, vegetation, water circulation and weather etc. ,where is of course a special habitat and requires special adaptation for animals including endemic langur and non-endemic macaque. Previous research on white-headed langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) and francois langur (T. francoisis) adaptation indicate that both karst endemic primates form or express adaptations to this special environment, such as locomotion with unique cliff behavior, special water metabolism to the surface water shortage. It is reasonable to predict that in the special environment, both langurs and non-endemic macaques may evolve different energy budget and thermregulation to this environment..Study on energy metabolism of animal in special environment will pree its nature. We select two species of langurs and two species of macaque sympatric in this karst limestone habitat to compare their energy budget and thermregulation strategy to the same environment and reveal the mechanism of adaptation.

适应环境是动物生存的基础，适应环境包括形态结构的适应、生理的适应并通过基因一代代遗传下去。在生理的适应方面，包括能量的收支平衡和体温调节对策的热代谢起到重要的作用。喀斯特石山环境是一种特殊的环境，具有地形地貌、植被、水分循环和气候等各方面的特殊性，前期的研究表明栖息在喀斯特石山环境的叶猴类灵长类(Trachypithecus spp)在适应地形地貌方面表现出了特殊攀岩能力，在适应水分方面表现出了特殊的水分代谢，因此我们推测生活在石山地区的灵长类在能量收支平衡和体温调节同样具有与环境相适应的对策和适应机制。.研究特殊环境对动物热代谢的特殊影响，常能看到事物的本质。在喀斯特石山的特殊环境中，栖息广布的猕猴属种类和局限在特殊环境乌叶猴属灵长类，本项目依托于前期的研究基础，开展两个属灵长类适应石山环境的能量收支对策和体温调节机制的研究，揭示它们适应石山环境的特点丰富和完善动物进化机制。

本项目以同域生存的两种非人灵长类（猕猴和黑叶猴）为研究对象，开展两种灵长类在石山环境中的能量适应对策研究。研究结果显示猕猴的毛色以及长度是趋向于散热、黑叶猴趋向于保暖的；热成像技术研究揭示在同样的环境中，猕猴的体表温度比黑叶猴的比表温度高，反映出猕猴的体表温度保温性差，黑叶猴保温性强；双标水（DLW）技术研究发现体重稍比猕猴大的黑叶猴平均日能量消耗与猕猴的日能量消耗（DEE）差别不大，但是就单位体重的日能量消耗相比，猕猴的日能量消耗要比黑叶猴的多30%。分析发现猕猴分布最广范大的非人灵长类，杂食性，黑叶猴仅分布在环境恶劣的喀斯特石山地区，特别时昼夜温差和四季温差的变化较大，且黑叶猴是叶食性，因此最大限度的减少日能量消耗是黑叶猴适应叶食性和石山环境的对策。