蜂胶活性成分调控缺血再灌注神经元的分子机制

Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant sources and contains sticky plant substances mixed with beeswax and other bee secretions. Literature has demonstrated that it possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. Propolis could provide protection against ischemia-reperfusion of neurons, but the molecular mechanism is unclear yet. To explore the intracellular signal transduction and the effect of protection against ischemia-reperfusion of neurons by propolis, The cell model of simulated cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was used in his study. The content of MDA, SOD, CAT in the neurons were selected as the indexes. Meanwhile, the active compounds will be identified by modern technology of separation, spectrum and spectroscopy. Our work will contribute to provide scientific proof of exploring the resource of propolis. The project has broad application prospects in the field of research and development of functional food of propolis.

蜂胶是蜜蜂从植物芽苞或树干上采集的树胶混入蜜蜂上颚腺分泌物和蜂蜡后加工制成的树脂状固态物质，具有多种药理活性。现有研究表明蜂胶黄酮对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用，但其作用的物质基础和分子机理研究国内外尚属空白。本课题拟采用体外细胞模拟脑出血再灌注损伤模型，以受损神经元细胞的中的MDA、SOD、CAT的含量、细胞凋亡程度、细胞活性改变作为指标，应用分子生物学等手段，研究蜂胶对保护脑缺血再灌注损伤作用及其分子机制。同时，应用现代色谱分离和光谱波谱技术，鉴定出相应的活性化合物，为开发利用蜂胶资源提供实验依据和理论基础。本项目在蜂胶功能食品等研究开发领域具有广阔的应用前景。

本项目以蜂胶为原料，以脑缺血再灌注损伤的细胞模型-N2a细胞OGD/R损伤为靶标，分离纯化对OGD/R致损N2a细胞具有保护作用的活性化合物，鉴定其结构，从细胞水平和分子水平探讨其细胞保护和修复作用的作用机理。实验结果表明，无论是杨属蜂胶（山东蜂胶）还是非杨属蜂胶（吉林蜂胶）均存在抑制OGD/R损伤的黄酮类成分，代表成分为松鼠素和短叶松素；差异在于不同种类蜂胶具有神经保护活性的酚酸酯类成分不同，山东蜂胶是咖啡酸酯成分，代表成分为咖啡酸肉桂酯；吉林蜂胶p-香豆酸酯成分，代表成分为p-香豆酸苄酯，这些活性成分是通过抑制氧化应激，控制钙调，调节基因表达，减少细胞凋亡等途径发挥对受损细胞的保护作用。本项目的完成为蜂胶应用于脑缺血性损伤的防治提供了理论依据和实验数据，为将高含量神经保护活性成分的蜂胶开发成保护心脑血管的保健品或为将蜂胶中高效低毒的神经保护活性成分开发成新药提供了科学依据。