Membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells is exquisitely regulated at multiple levels, including the regulation of cargo sorting, vesicle formation, trafficking and fusion processes. Adaptor/Adaptin protein (AP) complexes are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, which can dictate the sorting of specific cargoes into transport vesicles for conveying from one membrane compartment of the cell to another. Among the five distinct AP complexes, AP1-AP5, identified in most eukaryotes, AP3 complex is largely responsible for the cargo sorting and transport from Golgi/endosomes to lysosomes. AP3D1, one component of the AP3 complex, contains a highly conserved Ear domain at the C-terminus, which plays a critical role in the recruitment of multiple accessory proteins to membrane coats. However, it remains unclear how this Ear domain can specifically recognize its target proteins for the sorting and transport. On the basis of the recent finding that the AP3D1 Ear domain can interact directly with HID-1, another adaptor localized at the Golgi memebrane, in this proposal, we will focus on the stuctural and functional studies of the AP3D1 Ear domain and the AP3D1/HID-1 complex by using molecular biology, structural biology and cell biology methods. The study will not only reveal the molecular basis of the AP3D1/HID-1 recognition, but also provide some insights into the AP3-mediated cargo sorting and transport mechanism.
细胞内的膜转运系统牵涉到多个层次的调控过程,包括货物分选、膜泡形成、膜泡运输及融合等。衔接蛋白Adaptin(AP)复合物是膜转运系统中的关键调控因子,可以识别目标蛋白并把其分选到运输膜泡内作为货物进行输送。在已发现的五类衔接蛋白复合物(AP1-AP5)中,AP3主要负责从高尔基体/内体到溶酶体的分选工作。该复合物中的AP3D1蛋白C末端含有一个非常保守的Ear结构域,它可以识别结合多种辅助蛋白形成运输膜泡,但目前该结构域的分子识别机制及由其所介导的生物学调控功能还不清楚。基于已有发现,AP3D1的Ear结构域可以特异性识别定位于高尔基体上的HID-1蛋白,在本项目中,我们将综合运用生物化学、细胞生物学及结构生物学等方法,深入研究AP3D1 Ear结构域及其复合物的结构与功能,揭示AP3D1识别HID-1的分子机理,研究结果将有助于进一步认识基于衔接蛋白AP3复合物的货物分选以及运输机制。
衔接蛋白Adaptin(AP)复合物是膜转运系统中的关键调控因子,可以识别目标蛋白并把其分选到运输膜泡内作为货物进行输送。在已发现的五类衔接蛋白复合物(AP1-AP5)中,AP3主要负责从高尔基体/内体到溶酶体的分选工作。该复合物中的AP3D1蛋白C末端含有一个非常保守的Ear结构域,它可以识别结合多种辅助蛋白形成运输膜泡。但目前该结构域的结构信息还未见报道,它识别目标蛋白的分子机制及由其所介导的生物学调控功能还不清楚。本项目通过运用X-射线晶体结构学方法,成功解析了AP3D1 Ear结构域的高分辨晶体结构。该结构与已有的AP11、AP22 Ear结构域的比较发现,虽然它们结构特征上具有高度的相似性,但AP11、AP22结合特定基序的关键氨基酸都不被AP3D1所拥有,预示着AP3D1特有的识别机制。结合DOCKING技术手段,我们发现该蛋白可以特异结合具有螺旋结构的“WXXW/F”基序的蛋白。通过综合运用生物化学、NMR及细胞生物学等方法,我们进一步发现AP3D1可以识别定位于高尔基体上的HID-1蛋白并调控其生物学功能,但二者作用较弱,一系列尝试之后,最终通过融合技术手段得到了二者复合物的蛋白晶体。该项目的研究结果揭示了AP3D1特异的识别目标蛋白的分子机制,将有助于进一步认识衔接蛋白AP3复合物在膜泡运输系统生物学功能。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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