基于有机物优化配置的脱氮除磷菌群结构演变及电子竞争机制研究

Organic matter is used as energy carrier through electron transfer to participate in the denitrification and phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment, and the metabolic process is closely related to the microbial structures. Microbial community shows intense electron competition when the carbon source is insufficient. Therefore, for low carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) wastewater, the optimal allocation of organic matter by improving electron competitiveness of the dominant bacteria is the key to reach efficient denitrification and phosphorus removal.. In this project, A2/O-biological contact oxidation (BCO) process was selected as research subject to realize carbon source efficient utilization, deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal of low C/N ratio wastewater by investigating the relationship between organic matter and microbial structures and electron competition. The mechanism of bacteria competition and proliferation metabolism between organic matter and denitrifying phosphorus accumulation organisms and nitrifiers was revealed by combining isotope labelling, structure identification and model validation. The electron competition mechanism of denitrifying phosphorus removal process under organic matter was investigated by examining the effect of microbial structures on electron transfer and electron distribution, with the view of accelerating functional bacteria evolution and enrichment. By establishing metabolic model of functional bacteria to control process operation, the optimal allocation of organic matter in different denitrification and phosphorus removal processes was realized. Research results are benefit for bacteria enrichment of denitrifying phosphorus accumulation organisms and nitrifiers, which provide reference value for electron competition in other denitrifying phosphorus removal systems.

污水中有机物作为一种能量载体以电子传递的方式参与脱氮除磷，其代谢过程与菌群结构特性密切相关。碳源不足时，微生物菌群表现出对电子的激烈竞争。因此对低碳氮比（C/N）污水而言，提高优势菌群的电子竞争力达到有机物的优化配置是高效脱氮除磷的关键。.本项目以A2/O-生物接触氧化（BCO）反硝化除磷工艺为研究载体，通过考察有机物与菌群结构和电子竞争的关系，以期实现低C/N比污水的碳源高效利用和深度脱氮除磷。结合同位素标记、菌群结构鉴定和数学模型验证，揭示有机物与反硝化聚磷菌、硝化菌菌群竞争和增殖代谢的作用机理；考察菌群结构与电子传递、电子分布的影响规律，探明有机物作用下反硝化除磷的电子竞争机制，加速功能菌演变富集；通过建立各功能菌的代谢模型，调控工艺运行，实现有机物在不同脱氮除磷过程的优化配置。研究成果有利于丰富反硝化聚磷菌、硝化菌的高效快速富集理论，同时为其他反硝化除磷体系的电子竞争提供参考价值。

有机物作为一种能量载体以电子传递的方式参与脱氮除磷，其代谢过程与菌群结构特性密切相关。碳源不足时，微生物菌群表现出对电子的激烈竞争。尤其对低碳氮比（C/N）污水而言，提高优势菌群的电子竞争力达到有机物的优化配置是高效脱氮除磷的关键。.本项目基于A2/O - BCO 工艺，采用实际生活污水投加不同浓度的乙酸钠、丙酸钠，两组A2/O - BCO 系统对比，重点考察有机物对反硝化除磷、硝化过程菌群竞争的内在作用机理，并探讨有机物作为电子供体与微生物种群之间的电子竞争机制，在此基础上实现有机物在不同脱氮除磷过程的优化配置，使系统进一步达到高效利用碳源、菌群结构优化、提高处理效率等方面的运行优势。研究成果为脱氮除磷工艺中有机物的优化利用和深度降解提供参考，同时为反硝化聚磷菌、硝化菌的高效快速富集提供理论依据。.通过课题组成员三年的努力，已基本完成本项目的研究目标和任务，共发表SCI 学术论文9 篇（均为TOP 期刊），授权发明专利1项，参加国内外学术会议2 次，培养研究生2名。