可溶性蛋白质分子的阻燃改性和交联对纤维素织物燃烧性能的影响机理

Cellulosic textile has been widely used because of its excellent properties; however, its inflammability has caused a great potential hazard in real fire scenario. The conventional flame retardant formulations/techniques are always controversial because of the release of toxic gases and/or the negative effects on physical and mechanical properties of fibers. Natural protein has been attracted more and more attention due to its rich source, bio-degradability, and environmental friendliness. Phosphorus containing reactive flame retardants will be synthesized and used to modify the chemical structure of soluble protein in order to enhance its flame retardant efficiency, thermal stability and mechanical properties through altering the content/ratio of phosphorus/nitrogen and crosslinking degree. The modified protein will be introduced onto the surface of cellulosic fiber/fabric by using dip-pad process and crosslinking reaction. It is expected the fire-resistance, durability, hand feeling, hygroscopicity of the treated cellulosic fiber/fabric would be improved significantly. The mechanism of the effect of the modified protein on the thermal decomposition and burning process will be proposed and discussed. The technical pathway to obtain flame retardant cellulosic fiber/fabric will be investigated. It is suggested this effort is worthwhile in terms of its novelty and the initial investigation results. It is expected the modified protein could be an ideal alternative to the current used flame retardant formulations for cellulosic textiles, which could meet the current challenges faced by the flame retardant polymer community.

纤维素织物由于性能优良得到了广泛应用，但是其易燃性会造成火灾危害；天然蛋白质来源丰富，生物降解性好，环保无毒。本项目首次针对传统阻燃工艺技术和配方存在的问题：即对纤维性能产生负面影响并释放毒性气体，根据可溶性蛋白质的分子结构设计合成具有阻燃增强功效的改性剂；首次通过化学反应对蛋白质的分子结构进行阻燃改性，从而改变磷/氮的含量，增强蛋白分子多肽链的交联活性，进而提高蛋白质自身的阻燃效率、降解稳定性和其他物理机械性能；利用后整理工艺和化学交联将改性蛋白质引入到纤维素纤维的表面，尝试赋予纤维素织物以优异的阻燃性能和耐水洗性能，并期望提高织物的手感、吸湿性和其他综合性能；研究蛋白质多肽结构的改性和交联对纤维素纤维织物热降解和燃烧性能的影响规律和机理，确立蛋白质阻燃纤维素织物的工艺条件和技术路线。该项目可以拓展蛋白质的应用范围，对探索环保阻燃纤维素织物新途径和制备绿色阻燃纺织新材料具有重要参考价值。

纤维素织物和锦纶、涤纶合成纤维织物由于性能优良得到了广泛应用，但是其易燃性会造成火灾危害；天然蛋白质来源丰富，生物降解性好，环保无毒。本项目针对传统阻燃工艺技术和配方存在的问题：即对纤维性能产生负面影响并释放毒性气体，根据可溶性蛋白质的分子结构和生物降解特性，尝试在纤维素织物阻燃增强功效的应用；首次探索了使用蛋白质对棉织物进行阻燃改性，从而改变磷/氮的含量，引入硼化物增强蛋白分子多肽链的阻燃活性，进而提高蛋白质自身的阻燃效率、降解稳定性和其他物理机械性能；利用后整理工艺将改性蛋白质引入到纤维素纤维的表面，尝试赋予纤维素织物以优异的阻燃性能，并期望提高织物的手感、吸湿性和其他综合性能；研究蛋白质多肽结构对纤维素纤维织物热降解和燃烧性能的影响规律和机理，确立蛋白质阻燃纤维素织物的工艺条件和技术路线。并在纤维素织物基础上，进一步探索了蛋白在提高涤纶和锦纶阻燃性能上的应用。.该项目拓展了蛋白质的应用范围，对探索环保阻燃纤维素织物新途径和制备绿色阻燃纺织新材料具有重要参考价值。