配位超分子结构对阻燃聚酰胺织物的性能影响及其增效机制研究

A series of photosensitive coordination supramolecular containing phosphorus and nitrogen will be synthesized here, which could be grafted onto PA fabric by surface photografting technology in order to prepare the novel flame retardant PA fabric containing metal ion, flame retardant group and coordination crosslinking structure. Metal ion, flame retardant group and its concentration and photografting degree from the supramolecular structure will be designed and regulated to solve the environmental pollution problem during the traditional flame retardant finishing of PA fabric and meet requirements of the modified PA fabric in durable flame retardancy, mechanical property, handing and appearance. In this program, effect of coordination supramolecular structure on flame retardancy, dripping behavior, flame retardant durability, and mechanical property of the modified fabric has been investigated in order to build the initial relationship of formation, structure and properties from material. Evolution and action of coordination supramolecular structure during thermal degradation will be studied to find the relationship between its structure and carbonization/melt dripping behavior of the modified fabric. And the flame retardant and durable mechanism will also be proposed here. This work will provide a new approach to the environmentally-friendly flame retardant finishing of fabric and enrich the existing metal synergistic theory on the flame retardancy.

针对聚酰胺（PA）织物易燃烧，燃烧熔滴物造成火势蔓延，现阶段阻燃后整理PA织物工艺环保性低，难以兼具耐久阻燃、力学和手感外观等性能要求的现状，本课题拟合成一系列含P、N阻燃元素的光敏性金属配位超分子，借助表面紫外光接枝改性将含金属离子、阻燃基团、配位交联的超分子结构接枝于PA分子链，通过对金属配位超分子结构的设计与调控，采用溶液生长法/配位超分子接枝法和金属离子原位配位法制备综合性能俱佳的环保新型阻燃PA织物；探索金属配位超分子结构对织物阻燃性、熔滴行为、耐久性、力学强度、外观手感的影响规律，构筑材料组成、结构与性能间的内在关系，深入研究配位超分子结构在基材热降解历程中的演变规律及作用机制，揭示其与改性织物成炭/熔滴行为间的本质联系，阐明改性织物阻燃机理及耐久改善机制。本项目的施行将为织物阻燃后整理方法的绿色化提供新思路和途径，丰富现有金属协效阻燃理论。

针对聚酰胺（PA）织物易燃烧，燃烧熔滴物造成火势蔓延，现阶段阻燃后整理PA织物工艺环保性低，难以兼具耐久阻燃、力学和手感外观等性能要求的现状，本课题开展配位超分子结构对阻燃聚酰胺织物的性能影响及其增效机制研究。项目基于金属离子原位配位法设计合成一系列含金属离子有机-无机杂化配位超分子接枝链结构改性聚酰胺织物，分别结合沉积组装技术、低温浸轧工艺、整理两步法制备出性能优异的阻燃聚酰胺织物，创新性设计出基于表面光接枝改性与金属离子后整理工艺的低温M/P技术制备耐久阻燃性能优异的Fe3+/AA/MBAAn-PA66织物，改性后织物LOI值可达33.4%，垂直燃烧中炭长减少，无融滴，耐洗45次后LOI仍可保持在27.8%，深入研究了金属离子、交联结构和配体基团对改性织物制备与性能的影响规律，揭示了有机-无机杂化配位超分子结构在基材织物表面的配位链接增效耐久机制，首次提出了含金属离子杂化结构催化形成的无机/有机复合残碳层对基材的双重热障阻燃机理；创新性地利用配位驱动层层沉积组装技术结合低浓度IP6和Al3+离子低温制备阻燃改性聚酰胺织物，改性后织物的LOI值可达27.8%，远高于单独采用Al3+离子或低浓度IP6整理PA66织物的LOI值，具一定耐水洗性，研究深入阐明了Al3+-IP6络合盐结构层与聚酰胺基材的高温反应机制，同时还深入探讨了IP6后整理对改性织物性能作用机理。项目现已获得了制备耐久性能优异聚酰胺织物的制备方法和工艺及一系列阶段性理论成果，发表论文8篇，申请专利3项，联合培养学生2名，项目投入经费24万元，结余6.7万元，执行率72.1%。