中国地图衣科地衣的分类与系统发育学研究

Rhizocapaceae, as a crustose microlichen, is a group with rich species diversity and contains 4 genera and 232 species, which widely distributes on rock throughout temperate to polar and alpine regions. For a long time, the concept of genera and subgenera within Rhizocapaceae kept debating. However, the study in this field is extremely few in our country and only 3 genera and 47 species of Rhizocapaceae from China have been reported. In this project, we will collect lichens of Rhizocapaceae in China systemically, and make a comprehensive study for this family, basing on traditional classification methods (including morphology, anatomy, chemistry and geography) and molecular phylogenetic study (including mtSSU, nuLSU, ITS, RPB1 and RPB2). This project will resolve the species definition problems by using BPP analysis under the multispecies coalescent (MSC) model, and establish a reasonable and natural classification system. This research will clarify the species composition and local distribution of lichens of Rhizocapaceae in China and provide the basic information for the Lichen Flora of China.

地图衣科属微型壳状地衣，种类繁多，广泛分布于温带高山或极地地区的岩石上，包括4属232种。目前，关于该科属间及属下单位的划分，因缺乏稳定的划分标准和分类框架，其分类研究长期处于混乱状态，而我国对地图衣科地衣的认识和挖掘相对匮乏且缺少系统性，仅报道该科地衣3属47种。本项目拟广泛征集地图衣科地衣标本，基于形态、解剖、化学、地理分布等传统分类研究，借助多基因（mtSSU、nuLSU、ITS、RPB1、RPB2等）序列分析，开展我国地图衣科地衣的分类与系统发育学研究，联合多物种溯祖模型的BPP分析，评价原有物种的划分标准，纠正一些疑难物种的分类混乱问题，解决现存分类观点的分歧与争议，建立更趋自然合理的分类系统，探明该类地衣在我国的物种多样性及其分布特点，丰富我国地图衣科地衣数据信息资源库，为《中国地衣志》的编写提供基础资料。

本项目对中国地图衣科地衣物种进行了较为系统地分类学研究，通过对馆藏标本和新鲜的野外采集标本进行表型和基因型相结合，即形态学、解剖学、化学、分子系统学等多方面的综合研究，共整理鉴定出中国地图衣科地衣53个物种，其中包括11个中国新记录种，4个新种。进一步探讨了该科最大属地图衣属的属下划分问题。针对现有的53个物种，以数字标本馆的模式，建立了该类群地衣的数据信息存取库；这些研究结果为《中国地衣志》的编写提供基础资料，为进一步研究物种演化提供相应的依据，也可为中国地衣物种资源的可持续发展和保护做出积极贡献。