中国肺衣科地衣的系统发育及分类学研究

Currently, there are many problems about the study of Lobariaceae in China: ⑴The lichens of Lobariaceae included in the FLORA LICHENUM SINICORUM lacked photographs in detail. The taxonomical study about the genus of Pseudocyphellaria (170 species in the world) and Sticta (114 species in the world) was also inadequate. In China, only 5 species of Pseudocyphellaria and 15 species of Sticta were reported. ⑵The eight genus system of Lobariaceae established in 2013 is more scientific than the four genus system before. However, the taxonomical study of Lobariaceae in China was totally based on the four genus system. It should be clarified with the combination of molecular phylogenesis and belonged to the eight genus system. ⑶There are great issues about the species definition in Lobariaceae. A number of researches show that there are a mass of implicit species and formal species in this family which should be clarified by the combination of phenotypic characteristics and molecular data. This research will study on those issues above with the combination of phenotypic characteristics and genetic sequences of mtSSU, nuLSU, nuITS rDNA, RPB2 and EF-1α.

目前关于中国肺衣科的研究存在诸多问题：⑴地衣志中收录的该科地衣缺少详细的照片。对于假杯点衣属（全球170种）和牛皮叶属（全球114种）的分类学研究不充分，前者中国仅报道5种，后者中国仅报道15种。⑵2013年建立的肺衣科8属系统较之前的4属系统更为科学。然而，中国肺衣科地衣分类学研究全部是基于后者进行的，须结合分子系统学手段，尽快将之厘清，组合入8属系统。⑶肺衣科地衣的种间界定存在重大问题。多项研究表明该科存在着大量的隐含种和形式种，需要结合表型特征与分子数据，重新进行物种界定。本项目将结合表型特征和mtSSU、nuLSU和nuITS rDNA以及RPB2和EF-1α的基因序列，对上述问题展开研究。

肺衣科（Lobariaceae）是地衣型真菌中最大的科之一，是叶状地衣生物多样性的重要组成部分。目前，全世界已知肺衣科地衣约400余种，我国仅报道了66种，由于该科地衣种类繁多，研究难度大，无论在世界范围还是在我国，对于该属地衣都还缺乏系统的分类学研究。本课题从形态、解剖、化学、地理分布、分子系统学等方面对中国肺衣科地衣进行了综合分析研究，共采集全国各地标本1000余份，借阅中科院昆明植物所隐花植物标本馆约4500份标本。 澄清了中国肺衣科地衣的种类和数目，发现新种5个，中国新记录种3个，在国内外权威期刊发表文章15篇，基本确定了肺衣科地衣各组群的界定标准，为中国地衣志的后续编写和中国地衣综合信息数据库建立提供了资料，也为有效保护和合理开发利用地衣资源发挥重要作用。