基于三元材料的铀酰离子SERS检测体系的设计与构建

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with the excellent advantages of strong spectral characteristics, short time consuming, small sample requirement, and little influence of light bleaching and water, is suitable for the detection of uranyl ions in water. However, for present SERS detection of uranyl ions, the stability and surface-enhanced performance of the substrate are poor, limiting the reliability and sensitivity of the detection. In view of the above problems, the project proposes a new adsorption molecule-nanogold-linking molecule based ternary-material SERS detection system. Firstly, it increases the concentration of uranyl ions at the surface of nanogold through the adsorption process of the surface modification molecules. Secondly, it constructs nanogold aggregation with gap of each nanoparticle smaller than 1 nm. Then a lot of hot spots have been obtained. As a result, the substrate stability and SRES performance have been improved significantly. This system takes advantage of the "aggregation after adsorption" SERS detection mode, improving the uranyl concentration on the substrate, the substrate stability and surface-enhanced performance simutaneously, thus enhancing the data reliability and realizing the high sensitivity of SERS detection for uranyl ions. Furthermore, the project will explore the adsorption and aggregation mechanisms of the system, providing theoretical guidance and scientific evidence for the detection of other environmental pollutants.

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱具有光谱特征强、耗时短、样品需求量小、受光漂白和水的影响小等特点，适用于水体中铀酰离子的检测。但目前铀酰离子SERS检测的基底稳定性和表面增强性能均较差，限制了检测的可靠性和灵敏度的提高。针对以上问题，本项目提出一种新型的吸附分子-纳米金-连接分子三元材料SERS检测体系的构建思路：通过纳米金表面修饰的吸附分子吸附铀酰离子，增大其在纳米金表面的浓度；调控连接分子与纳米金的组装行为，构建稳定且间距小于1nm的聚集体，产生大量的SERS“热点”，大幅提升基底的稳定性和表面增强性能。该体系采用“先吸附后聚集”的SERS检测模式，能够同时提高基底处铀酰离子浓度和基底性能，增强数据的可靠性，实现对铀酰离子的高灵敏度SERS检测。在此基础上，本项目还将进一步探索该检测体系的吸附和聚集规律，为其他环境污染物的检测提供理论指导和科学依据。

发展灵敏度高的铀酰离子快速检测方法，对于铀污染的防治、环境保护和人类健康等都具有重要意义。表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱具有光谱特征强、耗时短、样品需求量小、受光漂白和水的影响小等特点，适用于水体中铀酰离子的检测。但目前铀酰离子SERS检测的基底稳定性和表面增强性能均较差，限制了检测的可靠性和灵敏度的提高。针对以上问题，本项目提出一种新型的吸附分子-纳米材料-连接分子三元材料SERS检测体系以实现对铀酰离子的高灵敏度SERS检测。本项目构建了基于纳米银-柠檬酸根-链霉亲和素的三元体系，综合吸附富集和建立大量 SERS“热点”的优势，实现了对铀酰离子的高灵敏检测。通过对检测体系中的各影响因素的考察和表征测试，初步揭示了三元材料体系中的吸附和聚集规律。在吸附分子研究中，设计了一种新型的吸附分子——直链型磷酸化五肽，并对其性能进行了探究，发现其对铀酰离子具有优越的选择性和强的鳌和能力，在铀的吸附、检测和促排方面有很大的应用潜力。此外，制备得到了在钛箔上原位生长的氧化钛纳米线阵列，并对其性能进行了研究，发现该材料吸附性能良好，在吸附完成后可以很容易地从水溶液中分离出来，且具有优越的重复使用性，在实际含铀废水处理过程中有很大的应用潜力。