土壤磷酸单酯酶基因群落组成特征与磷转化关系研究

Phosphomonoesterase (EC 3.1.3) could release the phosphate from the substrates to be used by plants, and thus is important to the effectiveness on the organisms.Enzymes are encoded by genes,and genetic diversity is significant for the enzymatic function and evolution. However, systematic research on the gene clusters encoding phosphomonoesterase in soils is little reported. Microbes is the main source of soil phosphomonoesterases. In this project, we select two experimental staions (black soil and brown earth) involving long-term fertility treatments. Microbial gene clusters encoding phosphomonoesterase will be captured by tageted metagenomics and next generation sequencing.Combining bioinformatic and statistical approaches, we will analyze the gene clusters distributions and dissimilarities between soils from different fertilization systems (control, inorganic fertilizer amendment, organic manure amendment, inorganic plus organic manure).Moreover, comparing categories will be carried out based on the soil properties and enzymatic activities. The project will construct a targeted metagenomic system that can amplify microbial gene clusters encoding phosphomonoesterase from soils as widely as possible, uncover the function and evolution of gene clusters of phosphomonoesterase as well as the relations with the soil phosphorus transformation in a certain geographic area,lay the experimental and theoretical foundations for the soil phosphorus transformation process, and provide available data support for further research.

磷酸单酯酶（EC 3.1.3）能够酶促释放磷酸单酯化合物中的磷酸基，供生物吸收利用，在土壤有机磷的生物有效性转化中发挥着重要的作用。酶由基因编码，基因群落的多样性与酶的功能及进化密切相关，但对土壤中磷酸单酯酶基因群落相应的系统研究国内外鲜有报道。微生物是土壤酶的主要来源，本项目以长期肥料定位试验地为供试对象，应用靶位宏基因组高通量测序，结合生物信息学和统计学等方法，研究黑土和棕壤试验地不同深度的土壤中微生物来源的磷酸单酯酶基因群落对四种施肥制度（不施肥、无机肥、有机肥、有机-无机肥配施）的响应及其差异。将群落差异与土壤理化性质及土壤磷酸酶活性等参数进行分类比较，研究其相关性。建立土壤中微生物来源的磷酸单酯酶靶位宏基因组测序体系，揭示一定地域范围内磷酸单酯酶基因群落的功能与进化及其与土壤磷转化的关系，为土壤磷转化的研究奠定理论与实验基础，提供有效数据支持。

磷酸单酯酶（EC 3.1.3）能够酶促释放磷酸单酯化合物中的磷酸盐，供植物与微生物吸收利用，在土壤有机磷的生物有效性转化中发挥着重要的作用。酶由基因编码，基因群落的多样性与酶的功能及进化密切相关.本项目以长期肥料定位试验地为供试对象，应用靶位宏基因组高通量测序，结合生物信息学和统计学等方法，探索物料添加土壤磷酸酶基因及其群落的响应。主要包括长期不同P输入量或有机物料添加对棕壤的效应，不同有机物料添加或矿物元素的长期施入对红壤的效应，以及有机物料添加伴随矿质肥料的减量施用对黑土的效应。并结合土壤化学与生物学性质参数，揭示一定地域范围内磷酸单酯酶基因群落的功能及其与土壤磷转化的关系，为土壤磷转化的研究奠定理论与实验基础，提供有效数据支持。