台湾海峡两岸尺蛾谱系地理学研究—以长翅尺蛾属群为例

The tectonic movements and climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene have strongly influenced the distribution pattern of organisms on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Currently, the formative mechanism of distribution pattern of Lepidotperan insects on both sides of the Taiwan Strait is still unclear. This project aims to study the phylogeography of Obeidia group, which are mainly distributed in mainland China and Taiwan Island. The phylogeny relationships of Obeidia group will be reconstructed by combining of six loci. By estimating the divergence time, reconstruction of ancestral area, analyzing genetic diversity and historical demography, and constructing ecological niche model, we will analyze the evolutionary history of Obeidia group, determine how the tectonic movements and the climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene contributed to the lineage differentiation and distribution pattern and of the species on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. By the comparative phylogeography, the differences of evolutionary history between widespread species and disjunctively distributed species (between Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains and Taiwan) will be investigated. The response to climatic fluctuations of sympatric species will be also figured out to clarify the evolution of geometrid moth on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. This study firstly explores the phylogeography of geometrid moths on both sides of the Taiwan Strait based on multiple genes and analytical methods, and is helpful for revealing the general pattern of the evolution of Lepidotperan insects on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and is significant for understanding the origin and evolution of the biota within mainland of China and Taiwan and for biodiversity conservation.

地质构造运动和更新世的气候波动对海峡两岸生物分布格局的形成具有重要影响。目前，台湾海峡两岸鳞翅目昆虫分布格局的形成机制仍不清楚。本项目拟以主要分布在中国大陆与台湾岛的长翅尺蛾属群为研究对象，对海峡两岸尺蛾进行谱系地理学研究。基于六个分子标记，构建长翅尺蛾属群的系统发育树；通过分歧时间的估算、祖先分布区重建、遗传多样性分析、种群历史动态分析和生态位模型分析等方法，探讨长翅尺蛾属群的演化历史，分析地质构造运动和更新世的气候波动对海峡两岸物种谱系分化和分布格局的影响；通过比较谱系地理学研究，探讨广布种与间断分布在喜马拉雅—横断山区和台湾种类演化历史的差异，阐明海峡两岸尺蛾应对气候变化的生物进化机制。本研究首次基于多种基因和多种方法探讨台湾海峡两岸尺蛾的谱系地理学，有助于揭示海峡两岸鳞翅目昆虫演化的一般模式，对于理解大陆和台湾生物区系的起源和演化以及生物多样性保护具有重要意义。

本项目以主要分布在中国大陆与台湾岛的长翅尺蛾属群为研究对象，对海峡两岸尺蛾进行谱系地理学研究，基于大量标本和样品，选用了3个线粒体基因与3个核基因，开展了谱系地理学研究，结果表明长翅尺蛾属群10种/亚种的谱系结构呈现3个深度分歧的分支结构；分歧时间估计表明台湾种群与大陆种群的分化时间处于倒数第三次冰期，更新世最大冰期，推断台湾种群集中通过该次冰期的路桥扩散到台湾岛，并进而产生隔离分化，部分物种在之后的冰期通过路桥，重新扩散到大陆，但由于时间短，两地的种群还未产生分化；有效种群大小都没有表现出末次最大冰期后的增长。此外，与冰期对应的台湾路桥的出现，构建了大陆与台湾物种交流的有效廊道，且这种交流是不平衡的，这也是台湾高生物多样性的部分原因。本研究首次基于谱系地理学研究方法，系统地探讨了中国大陆与台湾岛的长翅尺蛾属群相关物种的进化历史和谱系生物地理格局，有效地揭示了地质历史事件、更新世的气候波动对台湾海峡两岸尺蛾物种分化的影响。本研究对于理解大陆和台湾生物区系的起源和演化以及生物多样性保护具有重要意义。