徽州私家庭园的特征和价值研究

This project aims to uncover the meanings and characters of private gardens and courtyards in Huizhou. As an important part of designed landscapes in Huizhou, Huizhou private gardens and courtyards have been an object to modern research since the last two decades. However, studies in this field have not yet been well developed, which leaves space for further research..Based on information mined from local records as well as first hand sources collected from field research, Huizhou garden technology is to be studied; unique characters and values of Huizhou gardens are to be revealed. These provide a case study of Chinese garden technology. They also help to understand cultural heritage conservation in Huizhou.

本项目旨在深入研究徽州私家庭园的特征和意义。作为徽州园林的重要组成部分，徽州私家庭园近二、三十年来虽已受学者关注，但尚缺乏系统研究。本项目将系统梳理地方志和家谱等徽州历史文献，并进行实地考察，深入研究徽州地区民间造园技术及其传承与演变，归纳徽州私家庭园的独有特征和价值所在。希望为中国园林技术史提供实物例证，也可为徽州文化遗产保护提供学术参考。

本项目以徽州私家园林为研究对象，旨在认识其特征和价值。通过文献考察和田野调查，我们在11本徽州清代和民国县志中搜集到100余所私家园林记载，在黟县宏村、西递、南屏三个村镇找到新旧私家园林36所。通过文献录入、列表和分析，我们得出徽州私家园林的主要特征是：借景自然山水、体现儒学思想（功能上多作为读书场所，布局上规整有序，读书入仕的价值观）、具有商人气息，植物有道德寓意以及实用价值、风水的影响作用。在此基础上，我们提出，徽州园林保护的关键在于徽州园林文化的延续，这需要通过“政府资助、居民自建、专家指引、后代参与”来达到。