弹体对非均匀明胶靶标的侵彻机理研究

At present because of the common gelatin is homogeneous and isotropic, which has become one of standard mediums for evaluating the wounding mechanism at home and abroad. Although in term of calculation and analysis, it only meet the requirements in a certain extent, and can’t reflect the interaction mechanism between the bullet and muscle tissue. In this project, inhomogeneous gelatin is used as a representative simulant to evaluate the effectiveness of firearms against human, and the penetrating mechanism is investigated by combining the methods of theoretical analysis, experiments and numerical simulations. Firstly, the dynamic mechanical properties are measured, which based on the Hopkinson Bar theory, and according to the high-speed photography testing instrument to obtain the constitutive parameters. In addition, the experiments of bullet penetrating into inhomogeneous gelatin are carried out by using the high-speed digital photography and multi-channel data acquisition system, the motion parameters in the target are obtained. Then by adopting the macroscopic and mesoscopic method, and combining the dynamic constitutive relation of inhomogeneous gelatin, the mechanical model and numerical simulation model of penetrating into inhomogeneous gelatin are established. After the research above, the movement law and wounding effects of the bullet are investigated, which can reveal the interaction mechanism between bullet and target. With this, the injury factors and the effectiveness evaluation criteria will be found. The investigations in this field will provide a theoretical reference for the small arms ammunition design and wound treatment, make the technical reserve for the development of weapons systems at the same time.

目前国内外多采用各向同性的均质明胶靶标进行致伤机理研究，虽能一定程度上满足计算分析要求，但无法真实反映弹体与肌肉组织之间相互作用机理。本项目以非均匀明胶靶标为组织模拟物，拟通过理论分析、实验研究和数值仿真相结合对侵彻机理展开研究。基于霍普金森杆实验原理，借助高速摄像等手段，开展非均匀明胶靶标动态力学特性研究，进而获得靶标本构参数。利用数字式高速摄像机和多通道瞬态数据采集系统开展侵彻实验，获得弹体在靶标中运动参数。采用宏细观相结合的方法，结合靶标动态本构关系，建立侵彻作用力学模型和数值仿真模型，探讨弹体在目标中运动规律和致伤效应，揭示弹体与目标相互作用机理，明确致伤因素，提出杀伤效能评判标准，为战伤救治和弹药设计提供理论参考，同时为武器系统发展提供技术储备。

本项目以非均匀明胶靶标为组织模拟物，通过理论分析、实验研究和数值仿真相结合对侵彻机理开展研究。.(1)借助万能材料试验机和霍普金森压杆实验装置，对配比为10%靶标进行了静、动态单轴压缩实验，获得了其不同应变率下力学响应，并对其本构模型进行了研究。利用ZWT本构模型对实验结果进行拟合，获得了模型中本构参数。结果表明，明胶为率相关材料，采用ZWT模型可准确描述靶标在不同应变率下压缩力学行为。.(2)引入靶标应变率效应的影响，建立了同时考虑惯性阻力、黏性阻力及明胶抗力的球形破片侵彻明胶运动模型，选取不同直径球形破片为杀伤元，对其在靶标中运动规律进行了实验研究，确定了最佳惯性阻力系数与黏性阻力系数，并在实验研究基础上，对运动模型进行数值计算，并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明，考虑靶标应变率效应的运动模型理论值与实测值误差较小，一致性较好，能较为准确描述球形破片在目标中的运动规律。.(3)采用多参数同步测量技术，对步枪弹在靶标中运动规律进行了实验研究，获得了弹体在靶标中运动参数。基于弹头侵彻防护特点，引入高应变率下由Kelvin-Voigt体与弹簧串联的3单元体描述的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的本构模型，分析了手枪弹侵彻下软防护破坏形式，结合纤维本构方程，并引入明胶弹性模型建立了手枪弹侵彻有软防护目标运动模型，选用两种结构手枪弹，对运动模型进行数值计算。通过有限元软件，开展枪弹与靶标相互作用过程数值模拟，揭示弹体与靶标相互作用机理。.研究成果可充实弹药设计理论，促进医工交叉融合，为战伤救治和单兵防护性能优化提供科学依据。