华南地区商业步行街室外空间生态设计模式研究

Ecological problems of commercial pedestrian street is not only related to the quality of the shopping environment, it is also related to the sustainable development of regional urban green public space. Previous studies of eco-design for commercial pedestrian street in the South China is from the perspective of humanized design, landscape design and traditional Qilou block design. But the research about the mechanism of eco-design，organization of ecological blocks spatial sequence and eco-design measures spatial scales is not enough. Therefore, this project takes Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian provinces’ traditional Qilou commercial pedestrian street outdoor space as research object. By using the methods of literature research, field research, and test research, this project try to discover the eco-design measures such as building shaded areas, landscape, Qilou footpath, construction methods and materials in traditional Qilou commercial pedestrian street. By extracting the traditional Qilou commercial pedestrian street shaded area eco-design principles, testing effective shaded area thermal environmental conditions, finding Qilou footpath reasonable design scale, organizing commercial pedestrian street outdoor spatial sequence, this project will rebuild South China area’s commercial pedestrian street outdoor space eco-design patterns and analyze its applicability in the current city commercial pedestrian street. Carry out the project will has a positive meaning for improvement of regional urban living environment and exploration the regional eco-design principles.

商业步行街的生态问题不仅关系到商业环境品质，更是关系到了地域性城市绿色公共空间的可持续发展。以往对于华南地区商业步行街室外空间生态设计更多是从人性化设计、景观设计、传统骑楼街区设计的视角来展开研究，而对其相关生态设计的机理、生态街区空间序列的组织、生态设计措施的合理尺度等内容分析不足。因此本项目以广东、广西、海南、福建等地传统骑楼商业步行街室外空间为研究对象，运用文献研究、实地调研、测试的方法，对其设计过程中的建筑阴影区、景观绿化、骑楼步行道、构造方式与材料等生态设计措施进行发掘。通过提炼传统骑楼商业步行街阴影区生态设计原理、测试有效阴影区热环境状况、探明骑楼式步行道合理设计尺度、组织商业步行街室外活动空间序列，重新架构华南地区商业步行街室外空间生态设计模式，同时分析其在当前城市商业步行街的适用性。该项目的开展对于改善地域性城市人居环境，探讨地域性生态设计原理具有积极意义。

在热带地区绿化是一种有效缓解街道热环境的办法。但是商业步行街宽度有限，难以大面积种植绿化，因此如何挑选能够有效缓解热环境的种植区域是一个问题。本文提出了无效阴影区、有效阴影区、热调节有效阴影区的相关概念，并建立了商业步行街的绿化种植的设计模型。通过借鉴ISO7243以及中国的GB/T17244-1998等相关标准，运用测定WBGT指数的方法，选取了海口骑楼街区中两条不同朝向的街道，分别测定了在太阳辐射和非太阳辐射条件下WBGT指数的变化情况。测试的结果为界定出热调节有效阴影区出现的时段和范围提供了数据，以此为依据可以界定出该街道的种植范围。最后将种植的区域采用envi-met进行模拟分析，结果表明，经过种植后的街道要比没有种植的街道的WBGT指数低1.49℃，可以适当缓解商业步行街道过热的情况。