干旱区内陆河流域城镇-水-土地利用的空间耦合关系研究- - 以石羊河流域为例

The arid inland river basin has been sensitive areas to ecological environment changes and the current focus in this area. In the task, Shiyang River Basin was chosen as study area. Because of its arid climate, limited water resources and inappropriate water-related human activities, the area has developed serious loss of natural vegetation, and gradual soil salinization and desertification, which have greatly impeded the sustainable development of agriculture and economy in this region.In the past, many study has finished about Shiyang River Basin include"the spatial relationship between elevation、vegetation cover and landscape","landscape pattern evolution analysis in Shiyang River Basin","Evaluation of the Ecological Security and Sustainable Development"and so on.But the Spatial coupling relations of the meta-ecosystem consisted of water, cities and landuse in Shiyang River Basin is not study systematicly and comprehensively.With the support of GIS technology, and taking the romote sensing images, experimental data and basic geographic data as the main source of information, analyze the interaction and coupling relations between the arid inland river basins of towns,water, and land use.The main tasks are as follows.First,Through combination of water resources, land use, oasis and urban background data to establish the Shiyang River Basin water - town - land-use systems macro geodatabase. These tasks are the necessary basic study work.Second,Taking systems theory, the theory of spatial analysis and geographic information explorative techniques into the study, mainly analyze around the key tructure of arid inland river basins - the evolution of cities and towns, water, land, and mutual influence, mutual restraint.More importantly,the establishment of dynamics modles about landscape ecology, hydrology, meteorology to study the spatial contact and tightness among the factors. Third.probe into the arid inland river basin of water - town - land-use space-coupled relationship, and explore the influence model between urban development ,water resources and land use changes in the past and future. Fourth, trying to build the reasonable urban scale, land use optimization mode and ecological restoration,which follows the coupling mechanism that importantly analyse in the task.Last,from all the task above,some synergies patterns of Shiyang River Basin that urban development and interior structure factor change may be revealed. The thoughtway is significant for vegetation and ecological environment changes in the arid inland revier basin.Using RS and GIS technology, we can understand the spatial relationship betwwen cities,water,vegetation cover and landscape Types through quantitative analysis in spatial patterns.

以遥感数据、实验数据和基础地理数据为主要信息源，定量研究干旱内陆河流域城镇、水资源和土地利用之间的相互作用和耦合关系。主要研究任务是：（1）结合水资源、土地利用、绿洲及城镇本底数据建立石羊河流域水-城镇-土地利用体系宏观地理数据库。（2）将系统论、空间分析理论和地理信息挖掘技术引入研究中，围绕干旱内陆河流域的结构主体-城镇、水、土地的演化、相互影响、相互制约的内部耦合机制展开研究，建立景观生态、水文、气象和动力学等模型，分析研究水资源、土地利用变化和城镇之间的空间联系和紧密程度。（3）深入探究干旱内陆河流域水-城镇-土地利用空间耦合关系，挖掘干旱内陆河流域城镇发展与水资源、土地利用变化之间的相互影响模式。（4）通过空间耦合机理研究试图构建与水资源和土地承载力相适应的干旱内陆河流域城镇发展规模、土地利用优化模式和生态恢复方式，揭示干旱内陆河流域城镇发展与流域内部空间结构因子协同作用的规律。

石羊河流域水土资源可持续利用和城镇布局的合理性决定着该流域未来生存状况和发展前景，在此背景下，本项目以GIS和 RS技术为支撑，以系统论和生态、环境理论为依据，从石羊河流域目前存在的问题出发，主要做了以下工作：①收集完善了石羊河流域基础数据，建立了研究本底数据库。②围绕石羊河流域城镇、水、土地的演化和相互影响机制，分别对石羊河流域水资源变化、土地利用变化和城镇扩张及驱动机制进行系统研究。③通过定量分析和空间叠置分析研究了石羊河流域城镇变化、水资源利用、土地演化等要素之间相互影响、相互制约的机制，以及三者间的空间联系和紧密程度。研究结果表明：①石羊河流域城乡间空间联系差异很大，主要以武威凉州区、金昌金川区为城乡联系的枢纽区，城乡之间以交通网络联系为主，城乡内部则以行政管理联系网络为主；②石羊河流域水贫困指数呈现不规则的“H”型降低趋势；③石羊河流域土地资源空间分布差异大、不同类型呈垂直地带分布较为明显，受人类活动影响较大的耕地、林地、草地和建设用地等变化较大。该流域未来应在生态安全格局基础上对水土资源进行优化配置，在水土资源可承载能力前提下合理布局城镇，并积极推进城乡一体化发展。该研究通过对干旱区内陆河流域城镇—水—土地利用空间内在耦合关系的深入研究，可为提高流域可持续发展能力，科学推进流域城镇发展和流域治理提供参考依据。